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CFT I > Exam 1 - Cerebellar Disease > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Cerebellar Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is this posture called?

A

decerebellate posture

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2
Q

what is decerebellate posture?

A

cerebellum is pulled off of the brainstem

hind legs are tucked up into the animal & forelimbs are extended/rigid

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3
Q

what are the abnormal signs typically associated with cerebellar disease?

A

gait - hypermetria/dysmetria

abnormal posture

some cranial nerve responses - menace & vestibular signs

intention tremors

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4
Q

what are the normal signs typically associated with cerebellar disease?

A

normal mentation

amount of voluntary movement

spinal reflexes

may have normal postural reactions

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5
Q

what is the most common CNS cause of tremors?

A

cerebellar disease

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6
Q

other than cerebellar disease, what other CNS problems can cause tremors?

A

steroid responsive tremor syndrome

myelin dysfunction

motor neuron/axon dysfunction

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7
Q

what are some examples of things that look like tremors but aren’t tremors?

A

partial seizures

idiopathic head bobbing

myoclonus - chronic distemper

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8
Q

what tremorogenic toxins can cause systemic tremors?

A

mycotoxins - fungal toxins

metaldehyde

permethrin/pyrethrin in cats

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9
Q

what can cause systemic tremors?

A

catecholamines - very stressed animals (no seizures)

hypocalcemia

tremorogenic toxins

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10
Q

what breeds are associated with idiopathic head bobbing?

A

boxers, bulldogs, & dobermans

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11
Q

when is the typical onset of idiopathic head bobbing?

A

near maturity or young adulthood - may wax & wane over the years

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12
Q

T/F: in idiopathic head bobbing, animal behavior remains normal

A

true

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13
Q

what are 4 examples of non-progressive cerebellar disease?

A

trauma

toxic insult

vascular insult

congenital anomaly

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14
Q

what are examples of progressive causes of cerebellar disease?

A

degenerative - forms normally & shrinks (middle to late adult, staffies)

metabolic

nutritional

neoplastic

immune-mediated

infectious

congenital anomaly

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15
Q

what breeds are predisposed to cerebellar cortical abiotrophy?

A

rhodesians, bernese mountain dogs, staffies, gordon setters

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16
Q

what breed has defined criteria for cerebellar cortical degeneration?

A

american staffordshire terrier

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17
Q

what CNS cells are among the first to be affected in cerebellar disease? why?

A

purkinje cells - they are large & have a high metabolic need, so they are typically first affected by inborn metabolic errors or storage diseases

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18
Q

what is neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis?

A

degenerative cerebellar disease - can cause retinal changes

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19
Q

thiamine deficiency effects what part of the CNS?

A

gray matter nuclei in the brainstem & cerebellum

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20
Q

out of dogs & cats, which are more susceptible to thiamine deficiency?

A

cats

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21
Q

what is the prognosis of thiamine deficiency?

A

treatable - good prognosis

22
Q

what drug targets vestibular structures causing cerebellar disease?

A

metronidazole

23
Q

T/F: choroid plexus tumors can be either benign or malignant

24
Q

how are choroid plexus tumors diagnosed?

A

spinal tap of CSF

25
how can choroid plexus tumors spread?
shed & spread in CSF
26
how can you treat a choroid plexus tumor palliatively?
aim to decrease CSF production
27
what other treatment options are available for choroid plexus tumors?
chemo, radiation, surgery (maybe - depends on location) treatment may extend median survival time, but it's not considered curable
28
what inflammatory immune-mediated disease was previously called little white shaker?
steroid responsive tremor syndrome
29
what virus can cause cerebellar disease in dogs?
canine distemper
30
what are 2 protozoal causes of cerebellar disease?
toxoplasma & neospora
31
why is steroid responsive tremor syndrome hard diagnose with MRI & CSF analysis?
MRI - may have no obvious abnormalities especially at low magnet strength CSF - up to 50% have normal CSF & abnormalities may be non-specific
32
how is steroid responsive tremor syndrome diagnosed & treated?
immunosuppressive therapy - 2mg/kg/day prednisone with most dogs responding favorably within 2-4 days unlike MUO, lifelong therapy may not be needed
33
if you have a dog with suspected steroid responsive tremor syndrome that you're treating with steroids, what should you do if you think the animal is better & you want to stop the medicine?
taper them slowly over several months
34
what artery is usually involved in a vascular insult to the cerebellum?
rostral cerebellar artery - usually ischemic
35
what is the prognosis of a vascular injury to rostral cerebellar artery in dogs?
good - look for & treat the underlying cause
36
how does dandy-walker-like syndrome?
genetic error leads to an absent vermis
37
how is dandy-walker-like syndrome different from cerebellar abiotrophy?
can look like abiotrophy on imaging, but dandy-walker-like syndrome is non-progressive
38
what dog breed is associated with dandy-walker-like syndrome?
eurasier
39
what is another name for chiari-like malformation?
caudal occipital malformation syndrome
40
what does caudal occipital malformation syndrome affect in the CNS?
affects the cerebellum but doesn't typically cause cerebellar signs
41
T/F: caudal occipital malformation syndrome causes cerebellar signs
false - affects the cerebellum but doesn't cause cerebellar signs
42
T/F: caudal occipital malformation syndrome is breed associated
true
43
how does caudal occipital malformation syndrome occur?
has to do with skull suture closure times
44
why does caudal occipital malformation syndrome cause problems in dogs?
change in the flow of CSF which leads to the dilation of the 3rd ventricle
45
what are the most common clinical signs of caudal occipital malformation syndrome?
non-dermatological pruritus cervical pain cervical scoliosis
46
what is the difference between decompression & shunting in surgically treating caudal occipital malformation syndrome?
the syrinx doesn't resolve with decompression
47
what is the general treatment for caudal occipital malformation syndrome?
surgery - usually successful & has a good prognosis
48
what may be the downfall of treating caudal occipital malformation syndrome surgically?
may require revision & repitition over time
49
what medications can you use to treat caudal occipital malformation syndrome?
anything to decrease CSF production - diuretics, omeprazole, steroids (0.5 mg/kg/day)
50
what 4 questions should you use when approaching cerebellar disease?
1. is it cerebellar disease? 2. progressive or non-progressive - prioritize your differentials 3. choose diagnostics based on prioritized differential list 4. remember that diagnosis is important even in untreatable conditions

CFT I (30 decks)

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