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Structure and Function 2 > Exam 1- Brain Morphology > Flashcards

Exam 1- Brain Morphology Flashcards

0
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions (homeostasis) and limbic functions

Part of the Diencephalon

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1
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains mostly relay nuclei going to the cortex

Part of the Diencephalon

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2
Q

Tectum

A

Roof over the Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius

Part of the Mesencephalon

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3
Q

Tegmentum

A

Floor below the Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius

Part of Mesencephalon

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4
Q

Basal Portion of Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

Consists of Substantia Nigra (PD) and Crus Cerebri

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5
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

Visual Reflexes

Part of the Tectum

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6
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

Auditory Reflexes

Part of the Tectum

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7
Q

Structures found within the Tegmentum

A

1) periaqueductal gray (PAG)
2) reticular formation areas
3) Oculomotor nerve complex (at level of Superior Colliculus)
4) Trochlear nerve (at level of inferior Colliculus)
5) Red Nucleus

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8
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Part of extrapyramidal motor system

Parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

Cerebral Peduncles consists of…

A

1) midbrain tegmentum
2) substantia nigra
3) crus cerebri

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10
Q

2 structures that make up the Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum and Pons

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11
Q

The cerebellum functions to

A

Integrate sensory information and allow for coordinated motor responses. Learned movements and cognitive learning.

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12
Q

Structures and features of the Cerebellum

A

Folds- folia
Grooves- fissures
Midline- vermis
Undersurface- tonsil

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13
Q

Pons function

A

Connect brain to cerebellum (pontine nuclei project to cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle)

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14
Q

Subdivisions of the Pons

A

1) dorsal tegmental zone- contains cranial nerves V, VI, and VII and reticular formation nuclei and ascending/descending pathways
2) ventral/ basal zone- contains pontine nuclei and corticospinal tract

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15
Q

The medulla

A

Contains medullary portion of the reticular formation (vital respiratory/cardiovascular) at its core

And

Pyramids (corticospinal axons which decussate at the caudal medulla in the pyramidal decussation to descend as the lateral corticospinal tract)

Cranial Nerves 9-12

16
Q

Major landmarks in the Frontal Lobe

A

1) precentral gyrus
2) superior frontal gyrus
3) middle frontal gyrus
4) inferior frontal gyrus (pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis- latter 2 make up Areas 44 and 45)

17
Q

Major Landmarks of the Temporal Lobe

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus

18
Q

Major landmarks of the Parietal Lobe

A

1) Postcentral gyrus
2) superior parietal lobule
3) inferior parietal lobule
4) supramarginal gyrus
5) angular gyrus

19
Q

Brodmann Area 4

A

Primary Motor Cortex

20
Q

Brodmann Area 6

A

Also contributes axons to corticospinal tract (motor)

21
Q

Brodmann Area 8

A

Frontal Eye Fields; paired eye movements

22
Q

Brodmann Area 44 and 45

A

Broca’s Area; motor production of language

23
Q

Prefrontal Association Cortex

A

Also called dlPFC

Executive Fxns- decision making, prioritizing, planning, problem solving, judgment and working memory

In Frontal Lobe

24
Q

Limbic Association Cortex

A

Also called vmPFC

Personality and Social Behavior

Frontal Lobe

Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex- Areas 10, 11, 12
Anterior Cingulate Cortex- Areas 24, 25, 32

25
Q

Brodmann Areas 3, 1 and 2

A

Postcentral Gyrus

Primary Somatosensory (pain, touch and conscious proprioception)

26
Q

Part of Area 2 and Part of Area 5

A

Higher Order somatosensory areas; lesions here produce somatosensory agnosias

27
Q

Brodmann Area 7

A

Higher order vision

28
Q

Areas 5 and 7

A

Together are the Posterior Parietal Cortex

Integrate visual and somatosensory information

29
Q

Areas 40 and 39

A

Supramarginal and Angular Gyri of the Inferior Parietal Lobule

Perception and interpretation of written language (or music); damage causes alexia

Multimodal Association Cortex

30
Q

Brodmann Area 17

A

Primary Visual (Calcarine Cortex)

31
Q

Brodmann Areas 18 and 19

A

Higher order vision

32
Q

Brodmann Area 41

A

Primary Auditory Cortex

Top of superior temporal Gyrus in the Transverse Temporal Gyri of Heschl

33
Q

Brodmann Area 42

A

Higher order auditory

34
Q

Brodmann Area 22

A

Wernicke’s Area

Interpretation of spoken language

Structure and Function 2 (17 decks)

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