Exam 1: Basic Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy
The structure of an organism.
Pathological Anatomy
The study of structural changes caused by disease.
Physiology
The study of the function of the living organism and its parts, as well as the chemical processes involved.
Midsagittal Plane
Cuts the body in right and left halves.
Transverse Plane
Cuts upper and lower halves of the body.
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Cuts the body into front and back halves.
Anterior or Ventral
Front surface or towards the front of the body.
Posterior or Dorsal
Back surface or towards the back of the body.
Rostral
Towards the head.
Cells.
What the body is composed of. Living tissue that contains a nucleus and a variety of cellular material specialized to the particular function of the individual cell.
Cells differ based on ___?
The type of tissues they comprise. There are four different types of tissue that make up the body.
Types of tissues
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous.
Epithelial Tissues
The superficial or outer layer of mucous membranes and the cells making up the skin. (eg: surface covering of the body and linings of cavities and passageways.)
Connective Tissue
Composed of intercellular material, known as the matrix, to which cells are bound (eg: cartilage, bone, and blood).
Muscular Tissue
Contractile tissues that are capable of being stimulated to contract. They consist of striated (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac muscle.
Striated Muscles
Voluntary muscles. AKA skeletal muscles because it is the muscle used to move skeletal structures. Known as voluntary/sematic because it can be moved voluntarily.