1
Q
Five F’s of Abdominal Protrusions
A
1) Fluid
2) Food/Fat
3) Fetus
4) Feces
5) Flatus
2
Q
Superior Border of Anterior Abdominal Wall
A
1) Xiphoid Process (medial)
2) Costal Cartilages (Ribs 7-10)
3
Q
Inferior Border of Anterior Abdominal Wall
A
1) Iliac Crest
2) Inguinal Ligament
3) Pubic Bone (medial)
4
Q
Linea Alba
A
Medial vertical line in between “abs”
5
Q
Linea Semilunares
A
Lateral vertical lines to the sides of the “abs”
6
Q
McBurney’s Point
A
Site of maximum tenderness in Acute Appendicitis. 1/3 of way up between Right ASIS and Umbilicus
7
Q
Dermatome for Enlarged Appendix Pain
A
T10
8
Q
Layers of Anterior Abdominal Wall (Superficial to Deep)
A
1) Skin
2) Superficial Fascia (Camper’s and Scarpa’s)
3) Deep Fascia
4) Transversalis Fascia
5) Extraperitoneal Fat
6) Parietal Peritoneum
9
Q
Camper’s Fascia
A
Fatty layer containing superficial gastric vessels.
- Continues as Superficial Fascia of Thigh.
- Fat extends into female labia majora
- Dartos muscle in male scrotum
10
Q
Scarpa’s Fascia
A
Deeper dense membranous layer of superficial fascia.
- Fused with Fascia Lata (Deep Fascia of Thigh)
- Continues in Perineum and Scrotum as Colle’s Fascia
11
Q
Colle’s Fascia
A
Continuation of Scarpa’s Fascia in Perineum and Scrotum. Membranous layer of superficial perineal fascia.
12
Q
Muscles Covered by Deep Fascia of Abdominal Wall
A
1) External Oblique
2) Internal Oblique
3) Transversus Abdominis
13
Q
Space to Access Retroperitoneal Structures without Entering Peritoneal Cavity
A
Transversalis Fascia and Extaperitoneal fat
14
Q
Flat Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall (Superficial to Deep)
A
1) External Oblique
2) Internal Oblique
3) Transversus Abdominis
15
Q
Origin: External Oblique
A
Ribs 5-12
16
Q
Insertion: External Oblique
A
1) Linea Alba
2) Pubic Tubercle
3) Anterior 1/2 of Iliac Crest
17
Q
Innervation: External Oblique
A
1) Thoraco-Abdominal Nerves
2) Subcostal Nerves
18
Q
Origin: Internal Oblique
A
1) Thoracolumbar Fascia
2) Iliac Crest
3) Inguinal Ligament
19
Q
Insertion: Internal Oblique
A
1) Ribs 10-12
2) Linea Alba
3) Pubis
20
Q
Conjoint Tendon
A
Common tendon of insertion of Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis on Pubis
21
Q
Innervation: Internal Oblique
A
1) Thoraco-Abdominal Nerves
2) Subcostal Nerves
3) Iliohypogastric Nerves
4) Ilioinguinal Nerves
22
Q
Origin: Transversus Abdominis
A
1) Ribs 7-12
2) Thoracolumbar Fascia
3) Iliac Crest
4) Inguinal Ligament
23
Q
Insertion: Transversus Abdominis
A
1) Linea Alba
2) Pubic Crest
24
Q
Innervation: Transversus Abdominis
A
1) Thoraco-Abdominal Nerves
2) Subcostal Nerves
3) Iliohypogastric Nerves
4) Ilioinguinal Nerves
25
Origin: Rectus Abdominis
Pubic Symphysis/Crest
26
Insertion: Rectus Abdominis
1) Ribs 5-7
| 2) Xiphoid Process
27
Origin: Pyramidalis
Anterior Pubis
28
Insertion: Pyramidalis
Linea Alba
29
Innervation: Pyramidalis
Subcostal Nerves / L1
30
Functions of Anterolateral Abdominal Muscles
1) Flex Trunk
2) Rotate Trunk (Flat Muscles only)
3) Compress and Support Viscera
4) Tense Linea Alba (Pyramidalis)
31
Forms Rectus Sheath
Aponeuroses of three anterolateral muscles surrounding each Rectus Abdominis muscle
32
Contents of Rectus Sheath
1) Rectus Abdominis m.
2) Pyramidalis m.
3) Superior and Inferior Epigastric Vessels
4) Terminal ends of T7-T12 Nerves
33
Arcuate Line
Arch of fibers marking change in fascia contributing to Anterior/Posterior layers of Rectus Sheath. It's a point middway between umbilicus and pubis
34
Above the Arcuate Line
Rectus Abdominis completely enclosed by aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles
35
Below the Arcuate Line
Aponeuroses pass anterior to Rectus Abdominis. No posterior wall, direct contact with Transversalis Fascia
36
Spigelian Hernia
Occurs along Linea Semilunares at or below Arcuate Line
37
Ventral Rami: Thoracoabdominal Nerves
T7-T11
38
Ventral Rami: Subcostal Nerves
T12
39
Ventral Rami: Iliohypogastric Nerve
L1
40
Ventral Rami: Ilioinguinal Nerve
L1
41
Four Major Arteries Supplying Anterior Abdominal Wall
1) Internal Thoracic
2) Aorta
3) External Iliac
4) Femoral
42
Branches of Internal Thoracic Artery Supplying Ant. Abdominal Wall
1) Superior Epigastric Artery
| 2) Musculophrenic Artery
43
Branches of Aorta Supplying Ant. Abdominal Wall
1) Posterior Intercostal Arteries
| 2) Subcostal Arteries
44
Branches of External Iliac Artery Supplying Ant. Abdominal Wall
1) Inferior Epigastric Artery
| 2) Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery
45
Branches of Femoral Artery Supplying Ant. Abdominal Wall
1) Superficial Epigastric Artery
| 2) Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery
46
Source of Blood to Lower Body in Case of Aortic Coarctation
Superior and Inferior Epigastric Arteries Anastomosis
47
Two Major Veins for Anterior Abdominal Wall Drainage
1) Axillary Vein (from Lateral Thoracic Vein)
| 2) Femoral Vein (from Superficial Epigastric Vein)
48
Caput Medusae
Paraumbilical and Superficial Epigastric Veins become enlarged and dilated/varicose when portal vein obstructed
49
Causes of Caput Medusae
1) Cirrhosis
2) Chronic Hepatitis
3) Portal Hypertension
50
Umbilical Fold
Coverings of peritoneum on lower internal surface of abdominal wall.
Total of Five: 1x median, 2x medial, 2x lateral
51
Median Umbilical Fold
Found anterior to bladder.
Contains: Obliterated Urachus / Allontoic Ducts
52
Medial Umbilical Folds
Runs from Internal Iliac Artery to Umbilicus
Contains: Obliterated Umbilical Arteries
53
Lateral Umbilical Folds
Cover the Inferior Epigastric Vessels.
54
Peritoneal Fossa
Depressions lateral to umbilical folds. Potential site for hernia.
55
Umbilical Hernia
Herniation of Intestinal Loops through the Umbilical Ring. through area of weakness of umbilical scar
56
Congenital Umbilical Hernia
Omphalocele (Failure of part of midgut to return to abdominal cavity during fetal development)
57
Acquired Infantile Umbilical Hernia
Small hernia occurring in infants/children. Defect in Linea Alba; protrusion during crying, straining or coughing.
Resolves without treatment by 3-5 years.
58
Acquired Adult Umbilical Hernias
Common in females, obese, pregnant, or ascites -- along with weakened abdominal wall. Called Paraumbilical Hernia when sac does not protrude through Umbilical Scar but instead through Linea Alba.
59
Epigastric Hernia
Occurs through Linea Alba above umbilicus in the epigastric region
60
Beginning of Inguinal Canal
Deep/Internal Ring in Transversalis Fascia. Site where Spermatic Cord protrudes through abdominal wall
61
Origin of Internal Spermatic Fascia
Formed from Transversalis Fascia
62
End of Inguinal Canal
Superficial/External Ring in External Oblique m. aponeurosis.
63
Origin of External Spermatic Fascia
Continuation of External Oblique m. aponeurosis over spermatic cord
64
Inferior Floor of Inguinal Canal
Inguinal Ligament
65
Structure Forming Inguinal Ligament
External Oblique Aponeurosis
66
Lacunar Ligament
Extension of the Inguinal Ligament reinforcing the medial third.
67
Pectineal Ligament
Thickening of the Periosteum continuous with Lacunar Ligament at the Pectineal Line
68
Structures Inside Inguinal Canal
1) Ilionguinal Nerve
2) Genital Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve
3) (males) Spermatic Cord / associated
4) (female) Round Ligament of Uterus
69
Cremasteric Reflex
Stroking medial aspect of thigh produces reflex contraction of Cremaster muscle and ipsilateral elevation of testis/scrotum
Sensory: Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1)
Motor: Genital Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve (L1-L2)
70
Gubernaculum
Condensed band of mesenchyme extending from lower pole of developing gonad through Inguinal canal to Labioscrotal Swelling.
Males: Fibrous cord connecting testes to scrotum
Females: Round Ligament of the Uterus
71
Processus Vaginalis
Evagination of Parietal Peritoneum formed before testes descend.
72
Remnant of degenerated Processus Vaginalis
Tunica Vaginalis -- part retained as covering on Testes/Epididymis
73
Cryptorchidism
Incomplete testicle descent
74
Testis Layers (Superficial to Deep)
1) Parietal Layer of Tunica Vaginalis
2) Cavity of Tunica Vaginalis
3) Visceral Layer of Tunica Vaginalis
4) Tunica Albuginea
75
Tunica Albuginea
White fibrous capsule surrounding testis
76
Layers of the Spermatic Cord (Superficial to Deep)
1) External Spermatic Fascia
2) Cremasteric Fascia
3) Internal Spermatic Fascia
77
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Congenital and most common. Caused by incomplete obliteration of Processus Vaginalis. Herniation through Deep Ring in Lateral Inguinal Fossa, transversing entire canal.
LATERAL to Inferior Epigastric Artery
78
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Acquired. Caused by weakness of Posterior Wall of Inguinal Canal. Herniation through Peritoneum and Transversalis Fascia in Hesselbach's Triangle.
MEDIAL to Inferior Epigastric Artery
79
Corona Mortis
Anatomical variant with a connection between Obturator and Inferior Epigastric Vessels. At danger of being cut during (esp. femoral) hernia surgery
80
Hydrocele
Collection of fluid in testes or spermatic cord. Results from persistent (unclosed) Processus Vaginalis and also inflammation of the testis
81
Variocele
Dilation and tortuous coursing of Pampiniform Plexus of Testicular Veins. Results from defective valves in vein but can also indicate left kidney or renal vein problems. Usually in left side.
82
Rugae
Ridges/folds on inner surface of stomach
83
Pylorid Sphincter
Leads from stomach into small intestine
84
Four Parts of the Duodenum (in order)
1) Superior
2) Descending
3) Horizontal
4) Ascending
85
Entry Point of Major Duodenal Papilla
Descending part of Duodenum
86
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater
Entry point of Common Bile Duct and Main Pancreatic Duct into Descending pt. of Duodenum. Contains Major Duodenal Papilla
87
Hepatopancreatic Sphincter of Oddi
Smooth muscle around Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
88
Minor Duodenal Papilla
Entrance of Accessory Pancreatic Duct into Duodenum (2nd pt)
89
Junction between Foregut and Midgut
Major Duodenal Papilla
90
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Endoscope passed down esophagus through stomach to major duodenal papilla. Catheter inserted into papilla to gain access to biliary system
91
Suspensory Muscle (Ligament of Treitz)
Attached to fourth part of Duodenum (Ascending) from Right Crus of Diaphragm
92
Duodenum Curves Around This Structure
Head of the Pancreas
93
Meckel's Diverticulum
Persistence of Vitelline Duct (connection to Yolk Sac) as outpouching of Ileum. Asymptomatic usually but can contain stomach/pancreatic tissue or be site of infection.
94
Retro or Intraperitoneal: Ascending Colon
Retro
95
Retro or Intraperitoneal: Transverse Colon
Intra
96
Retro or Intraperitoneal: Descending Colon
Retro
97
Retro or Intraperitoneal: Sigmoid Colon
Intra
98
Retro or Intraperitoneal: Rectum
Retro
99
Hepatic (Right Colic) Flexure
Transition of Ascending and Transverse Colon from Retroperitoneal Space to Intraperitoneal Space
100
Splenic (Left Colic) Flexure
Transition of Transverse Colon and Descending Colon from Intraperitoneal to Retroperitoneal Space
101
Teniae Coli
Muscular coat around Large Intestine arranged into 3 longitudinal bands
102
Plicae Semilunares
Infoldings of intestinal wall between Haustra
103
Appendices Epiploicae
Peritoneum-covered pouches of fat on Large Intestine. Attached in rows along the Teniae Coli
104
Abdominal Region of Spleen
Left Hypochondrial (Intraperitoneal)
105
Surfaces of the Spleen
1) Gastric
2) Renal
3) Colic
106
Exposed to Traumatic Injuries at Ribs 7-10
Spleen
107
Splenorenal Ligament
Connects spleen to left kidney; contains tail of Pancreas
108
Abdominal Region(s) of Pancreas
Epigastric and Left Hypochondrial Regions. Retroperitoneal except small part of its tail in Splenorenal Ligament
109
Only part of the Pancreas posterior to Super Mesenteric Vessels
Uncinate Process
110
Abdominal Region(s) of Liver
Right Hypochondrial and Epigastric Regions. Intraperitoneal.
111
Liver Lobes
1) Right
2) Caudate
3) Quadrate
4) Left
112
Porta Hepatis contents
1) Portal Vein
2) Hepatic Arteries
3) Hepatic Ducts
4) Lymph
5) Nerves
113
Origin of Round Ligament (of Liver)
Former Umbilical Vein
114
Ligamentum Venosum
Obliterated Ductus Venosus (fetal connection between umbilical vein and IVC).
Its groove separates off the left lobe
115
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Contains "Portal Triad"
1) Bile Duct
2) Hepatic Artery
3) Portal Vein
116
Obstructive Jaundice
Caused by blockage of bile ducts from gall stones or tumor/compression of pancreas
117
Volvulus
Abnormal twisting of the intestines.
118
Embryonic Origin from Mesoderm
Spleen
119
Embryonic Origin from Foregut Tube
1) Esophagus
2) Stomach
3) Upper Duodenum
120
Embryonic Origin from Foregut Outrgrowths
1) Liver
2) Gall Bladder
3) Pancreas
121
Embryonic Origin from Midgut Tube
1) Lower Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum
4) Cecum
5) Appendix
6) Ascending Colon
7) Prox. 2/3 Transverse Colon
122
Embryonic Origin from Midgut Outgrowths
Lower part of Pancreas
123
Supplies Blood to Foregut
Celiac Trunk
124
Supplies Blood to Midgut
Superior Mesenteric Artery
125
Supplies Blood to Hindgut
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
126
Embryonic Origin from Hindgut Tube
1) Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
2) Descending Colon
3) Sigmoid Colon
4) Superior pt. of Rectum
127
Epiploic Foramen
Opening at edge of Lesser Omentum where Lesser and Greater Sacs communicate
128
Secondarily Retroperitoneal
Structure originally developed inside Peritoneum but fused to the body wall later
129
Mesentery
Double layer of peritoneum that suspends viscera from body wall. Nerves and blood vessels travel in it in the abdomen.
130
Ventral Mesentery
Attaches organs to Anterior Abdominal Wall. Develops in association with the liver.
Named Parts:
1) Lesser Omentum
2) Falciform Ligament
3) Coronary Ligament
4) Left/Right Triangular Ligaments
131
Lesser Omentum
Connects Lesser Curvature (Stomach) to the Liver.
Comprised of Two Ligaments:
1) Hepatogastric Ligament
2) Hepatoduodenal Ligament
132
Falciform Ligament
Part of Lesser Omentum. Connects Liver to Anterior Abdominal Wall
133
Dorsal Mesentery
Attaches organs to Posterior Abdominal Wall
Named Parts:
1) Greater Omentum
2) "The Mesentery"
134
Greater Omentum
Hangs down off Greater Curvature (Stomach). Connects to Transverse Colon.
Comprised of Three Ligaments:
1) Gastrophrenic Ligament
2) Gastrosplenic Ligament
3) Gastrocolic Ligament
135
"The Mesentery"
Describes mesentery of Jejunum and Ileum. Attaches small intestine to a root of less than six inches, oblique from upper left to lower right.
136
Peritoneal Gutters
Channels created within peritoneal cavity where parts of GI tract fuse to Posterior Abdominal Wall. Provide pathway for spread of bacteria-infected and ascitic fluid in cavity
137
Peritoneal Recesses / Pouches
Fossa formed by Peritoneal Folds. Determine extent and direction of spread of pathological fluids that enter cavity.
138
Hepatorenal Recess (of Morison)
Found between right kidney and diaphragm, part of the Greater Sac. Lowest part of the abdominopelvic cavity when patient laying down.
Infections can spread from here to Lesser Sac through Epiploic Foramen. Lymphatics on inferior surface of Diaphragm can absorb/spread disease to systemic circulation.
139
Peritoneal Adhesions
Fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between abdominal organs and walls, joining them abnormally.
140
Branches from Celiac Trunk
1) Left Gastric Artery
2) Splenic Artery
3) Common Hepatic Artery
141
Branches from Left Gastric Artery
Esophageal Branches
142
Branches from Splenic Artery
1) Left Gastroepiploic Artery (close to spleen)
| 2) Short Gastric Arteries (to Fundus)
143
Branches from Common Hepatic Artery
1) Proper Hepatic Artery
| 2) Gastroduodenal Artery
144
Terminal Branches from Gastroduodenal Artery
Not necessarily direct
1) Supraduodenal Artery
2) Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
3) Right Gastroepiploic Artery
145
Terminal Branches from Proper Hepatic Artery
Not necessarily direct
1) Right Gastric Artery
2) Right/Left Hpeatic Artery
3) Cystic Artery
146
Anastomosis Vessels between Celiac Trunk and Superior Mesenteric Artery
Superior and Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries
147
Branches from Superior Mesenteric Artery
1) Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
2) Intestinal Branches
3) Middle Colic Artery
4) Right Colic Artery
5) Ileocolic Artery
148
Form Arcades and Casa Recta in Mesentery
Intestinal Branches of Superior Mesenteric Artery
149
Marginal Artery of Drummond
Mid-hindgut transitional anastomosis, along entire margin of colon. Between Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries.
150
Pre-Aortic Nodes
1) Celiac
2) Superior Mesenteric
3) Inferior Mesenteric
Converge as Intestinal Trunk
151
Para-Aortic Nodes
Lateral to Aorta and drain parts of posterior abdomen.
Converge as Lumbar Trunks
152
Cisterna Chyli
Confluence of Pre-Aortic (Intestinal) and Para-Aortic (Lumbar) Trunks that mark beginning of Thoracic Duct
153
Developmental Predecessor of Liver at Four Weeks
Hepatic Diverticulum (Foregut)
154
Ventral Bud of Pancreas
From: Hepatic Diverticulum
Forms: Head and Uncinate Process
Duct: Main Pancreatic Duct
155
Dorsal Bud of Pancreas
From: Dorsal Surface of Duodenum
Forms: Body and Tail
Duct: Accessory Pancreatic Duct
156
Gallbladder Developmental Origin
Hepatic Diverticulum
157
Origin of Common Bile Duct
Common stalk of the liver and gall bladder
158
Annular Pancreas
Rare, congenital abnormality characterized by ring of Pancreatic tissue encircling the descending portion of Duodenum. Caused by incomplete rotation of Ventral Pancreatic bud. Can constrict/obstruct duodenum.
159
Developmental Fate of Dorsal Mesentery Extending from Spleen and Fusing to Posterior Abdominal Wall
Becomes:
1) Splenorenal Ligament
2) Gastrosplenic Ligament
160
Gastroschisis
Ventral body wall defect that results in herination of intestinal loops to Amniotic Cavity. Failure of body wall to close.
161
Cloaca
Expanded terminal part of Hindgut endoderm. Proximal to the Cloacal Membrane.
162
Proctodeum
Anal pit, composed of Ectoderm. Pushes inward to form distal opening of gut tube
163
Urogenital Septum
Divides cloaca into:
1) Urogenital Sinus
2) Anorectal Canal
164
Pectinate Line
The anal canal is formed from endoderm (hindgut) and ectoderm (body wall). Junction between two regions is the Pectinate Line.
165
Imperforate Anus
Fistula between rectum and vagina
166
Origin: Quadratus Lumborum
1) Iliolumbar Ligament
| 2) Posterior Iliac Crest
167
Insertion: Quadratus Lumborum
1) Lower border of 12th rib
| 2) Transverse Processes of L1-L4
168
Action: Quadratus Lumborum
1) Extends and laterally flexes trunk
| 2) Fixes 12th rib during inspiration
169
Innervation: Quadratus Lumborum
T12, L1-L4
170
Origin: Psoas Major
1) Transverse Processes of Lumbar Vertebrae
| 2) Sides, IV discs, and bodies of T12-L5
171
Insertion: Psoas Major
Lesser Trochanter of Femur (Iliopsoas Tendon)
172
Action: Psoas Major
Flexes thigh and trunk
173
Innervation: Psoas Major
L2-L4 (via Lumbar Plexus)
174
Origin: Psoas Minor
T12 and L1 sides, IV discs, and bodies
175
Insertion: Psoas Minor
Iliopubic Eminence
176
Action: Psoas Minor
Weak flexor of trunk
177
Innervation: Psoas Minor
L1
178
Origin: Iliacus
Iliac Fossa
179
Insertion: Iliacus
Lesser Trochanter of Femur (Iliopsoas Tendon)
180
Action: Iliacus
Flexes thigh and trunk
181
Innervation: Iliacus
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
182
Iliopsoas Test
Tests for Appendicitis
183
Origin: Diaphragm
1) Xiphoid Process
2) Lower 6 Ribs
3) Upper Lumbar Vertebra
184
Right and Left Crura
Musculotendinous bands that originate from anterior surfaces of the Upper Three (Right Crus) and Upper Two (Left) lumbar vertebrae
185
Gives rise to Suspensory Muscle of the Duodenum
Right Crus
186
Median Arcuate Ligament
Tendinous band that unites right and left crura, anterior to aorta
187
Insertion: Diaphragm
Central Tendon. Aponeurosis of the muscle, derived form the Septum Transversum
188
Openings in the Diaphragm
1) Inferior Vena Cava Foramen (T8)
2) Esophageal Hiatus (T10)
3) Aortic Hiatus (T12)
189
Inferior Vena Cava Foramen
Contained inside the Central Tendon (Diaphragm) at T8.
Contents:
1) Right Phrenic Nerve
190
Esophageal Hiatus
Opening at T10, encircled by the Right Crus.
Contents:
1) Esophagus
2) Esophageal Branches of Left Gastric Vessels
3) Vagal Trunks
191
Aortic Hiatus
Opening at T12, posterior of Diaphragm.
Contents:
1) Aorta (Celiac Trunk originates right below)
2) Thoracic Duct
3) Azygous Vein
192
Medial Arcuate Ligament
Superior thickening of Psoas fascia that overlies Psoas Major muscle
193
Lateral Arcuate Ligament
Superior thickening of Quadratus Lumborum fascia overlying the muscle
194
Fat/Fascia Surrounding Kidneys (Superficial to Deep)
1) Paranephric Fat
2) Renal Fascia
3) Perinephric Fat
4) Renal Capsule
195
Contents of Kidney Hila
1) Renal Artery/ Vein
2) Renal Pelvis
3) Autonomic Nerves
4) Lymph
Anterior to Posterior: VAP
196
Sites Kidney Stones Can Lodge
1) Junction of Renal Pelvis and Ureter
2) Pelvic Inlet
3) Entrance to Bladder
197
Unpaired Visceral Branches from Abdominal Aorta
1) Celiac Trunk (T12)
2) Superior Mesenteric a. (L1)
3) Inferior Mesenteric a. (L3)
198
Paired Visceral Branches from Abdominal Aorta
1) Middle Suprarenal a. (L1)
2) Renal a. (L1)
3) Gonadal a. (L2)
199
Paired Parietal Branches from Abdominal Aorta
1) Inferior Phrenic a. (T12)
2) Subcostal a. (T12)
3) Lumbar Arteries (L1-L4)
200
Abdominal Aorta Bifurcation
Gives off R/L Common Iliac Arteries at L4
201
Lumbar Plexus Nerves (L1-L4)
1) Iliohypogastric Nerve (L1)
2) Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1)
3) Genitofemoral Nerve (L1, L2)
4) Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2, L3)
5) Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
6) Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
202
Iliohypogastric Nerve
L1.
* Sensory: Skin of Upper Inguinal and Suprapubic Regions
* Motor: Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis Muscles
203
Ilioinguinal Nerve
L1
Passes through Inguinal Canal.
* Sensory: Skin of Lower Inguinal Region, Groin, and Medial Thigh
* Motor: Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis muscles.
204
Genitofemoral Nerve
L1, L2
* Genital Branch: Cremaster m.
* Femoral Branch: Skin of Anterior/Medial Thigh
205
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
L2, L3
Skin of lateral and Anterior Thigh
206
Femoral Nerve
L2-L4
Anterior Thigh Muscles
207
Obturator Nerve
L2-L4
Medial Thigh Muscles
208
Ganglia in Abdomen for Sympathetic Trunk Presynaptic Fibers
1) Celiac Ganglion
2) Aoritocrenal Ganglion
3) Superior Mesneteric Ganglion
4) Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
209
Splanchnic Nerves
Leave trunk in Thorax and descend through Diaphragh. Contain motor (preganglionic sympathetic) and sensory (visceral afferent) fibers to/from Abdomino-Pelvic viscera. Enter Celiac ganglion or plexuses on Aorta
Superior to Inferior:
1) Greater Splanchnic Nerve
2) Lesser Splanchnic Nerve
3) Least Splanchnic Nerve
210
Pelvic Kidney
Kidneys fail to ascend and remain at brim of pelvis; may be asymptomatic
211
Horseshoe Kidney
Fusion of lower poles of the two kidneys. May impinge on ureters, blocking passage of urine.
212
Unilateral Double Kidney
Double kidney with separate ureters/vessels on one side. Ureters enter bladder at abnormal angle, blocking urine.
213
Rosette Kidney
Fusion of kidneys at their hila; usually remains in Pelvis
214
Bifid Ureter
Ureters may join in lower third of their course. Either open through common orifice or independently into bladder. Increased potential for infection or calculus formation.
SF4
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Decks in class (5)
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