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Anatomy II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the major functions of the liver

A

1) Detoxification of blood 2) Storage of glycogen 3) Secretion of bile 4) Protein Synthesis: Blood proteins including clotting factors

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2
Q

Describe the four major parts of the pancreas

A
  1. Head
    1. Lies in curvature of duodenum and anterior to inferior vena cava
    2. Transversed by common bile duct
  2. Neck
    1. Supreior mesenteric artery crosses the neck posteriorly and constrics it
  3. Tail
    1. Ends at the hilus of spleen
  4. Body
    1. Triagular in cross section and extends across midline across aorta and left renal veins
    2. Anterior surface lies in floor of omental bursa and is covered by peritoneumm
    3. Posterior Surface is free from the peritoneum
      1. Contacts with: Aorta, Superior mesenteric aretry, left kidney, left suprarenal gland
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3
Q

Describe the location of the liver in relation to abdominal quadrants and regions

A

1) Lies mostly in upper right portion of abdominal cavity -Abdominal regions 1) Right and Left Hypochondriac 2)Epigastric

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4
Q

List the four major parts of the pancreas.

A
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. Tail
  4. Body
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5
Q

Describe the ligaments and omentum that relate to the omental bursa.

A

1) Gastrosplenic Ligament 2) Greater Omentum

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6
Q

Define Mesentaries

A

Double membrane connecting the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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7
Q

Describe the lobes of the liver and the landmarks related to the lobular arrangement of the liver

A

1) Right = Largest 2) Left = Smaller than right but larger than caudate and quadrate 3) Caudate = Posterior to quadrate and separated from left lobe by lesser omentum -Seperated from right lobe by porta hepatis and inferior vena cava 4)Quadrate = Anterior to caudate lobe

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8
Q

List the ligaments associated with the greater omentum

A

1) Gastric Ligament 2) Gastrophrenic Ligament 3) Gastrocolic Ligament

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9
Q

What is the Ligamentum Teres?

A

1) Remnant of the left umbilical vein 2) Round ligament of liver

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10
Q

Describe the Common Hepatic Duct

A

1) Formed by the union of right and left hepatic ducts of liver 2) Accompanied by portal vein and proper hepatic artery

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11
Q

Examples of coelom

A

1) Pericardial Cavity 2) Pleural Cavity 3) Abdominapelvic Cavity

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12
Q

What is the Biliary System?

A

Consists of: 1)Liver 2)Gall Bladder 3) Bile Ducts

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13
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament contain?

A
  1. Left gastroepiploic artery and vein
  2. Short Gastric arteries and veins
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14
Q

Describe the Portal Triad

A

1) Hepatic portal vein (Posterior) 2) Common Hepatic Artery (Anterior and Left) 3) Common Hepatic Duct (Anterior and Right)

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15
Q

Describe the omental bursa

A

Hollow space that is formed by the greater and lesser omentum and its adj. organs

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16
Q

Describe a peritoneum

A

Mesodermal membrane that is associated with a true coelom. -Defined as serous membranes -Parietal membrane - which lines the walls of the coelom -Visceral membranes - which covers the viscera within the coelom

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17
Q

List in order the major anatomical subdivisions of the stomach

A

Cardiac Fundus Body Pylorus

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18
Q

What membrane is associated with a coelom?

A

Peritoneum

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19
Q

Describe the projections of the liver onto the anterior abdominal wall

A

1) Projects superiority to xiphisternal junction 2) Projects left as far as apex of heart 3) Projects inferiority to midpoint between xiphoid process and umbilicus

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20
Q

Describe the Coronary Ligament.

A

1) Anterior Layer: -Formed by reflection of peritoneum from the upper margin of bare area of liver to the under surface of the diaphragm -Continuous with the right layer of the falciform ligament 2) Posterior layer -Reflected from the lower margin of the bare area -Continuous with the right layer of the lesser omentum

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21
Q

List the surfaces and recesses of the liver

A

1) Surfaces - Diaphragmatic (Anterior, superior, some inferior) - Bare Area - Visceral (Posterioinferior) 2) Recesses -Subphrenic Recess -Heptaorenal Recess

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Describe the Falciform Ligament

A

1) Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and to inferior surface of diaphragm 2) Runs to umbilicus

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24
Q

Describe the Pancreatic Duct System

A
  1. Main Pancratic Duct: Begins at the head, runs through the panceras parenchyma and exits the gland at the head.
    1. Turns inferiorly to meet the bile duct
  2. Hepatopancreatic Ampulla: Junction of main pancreatic duct and common bile duct
    1. Empties into duodenum via major duodenal papilla
  3. Accessory Pancreatic Duct: Drains unicate process and inferior head of pancreas
    1. Empties into duodenum via minor duodenal papilla
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25
Q

Describe the curvatures of the stomach

A

1) Greater Curvature -> Long convex border of stomach related to greater omentum 2) Lesser Curvature -> Short concave border of stomach related to lesser omentum

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26
Q

Define Portal System

A

Venous connection between two organs other than the heart -Vein connecting two capillary beds

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27
Q

Which ligament associated with the live contains the ligamentum trees hepatis?

A

Falciform Ligament

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28
Q

Describe Triangular Ligament

A

1) Represents double folds of coronary ligaments *** Formed by posterior and anterior coronary ligaments

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29
Q

Define Retroperitoneal

A

Refers to structures that lie behind the peritoneum -Example: Kidney

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30
Q

Discuss the anatomical positions and describe the major anatomical features associated with the four major parts of the duodenum

A
  1. Superior: First distal to pylorus
  2. Descending Part: Major duodenal papilla and minor duodenal papilla
    1. Major duodenal papilla empties hepatopancreatic ampulla into duodenum
      1. Sphincter or oddi controls emptying of common bile duct
    2. Minor duodenal papilla empties accessory pancreatic duct into duodenum
  3. Horizontal : Travels to the left
  4. Acending Part: Meets with jejunum at duodenojejunal junction
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31
Q

Define Rugae

A

Internal longitudinal ridges that allow expansion of stomach

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32
Q

What is the function of the Cystic duct?

A

Connects (Common) hepatic duct to gall bladder

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33
Q

List the ligaments associated with the liver

A

1) Falciform Ligament 2) Coronary Ligament 3) Triangular Ligament

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34
Q

Describe major characteristics of the major layers that make up the wall of the gut tract

A
  1. Mucosa
    1. Lamina Propria
    2. Mucous epithelium
      1. Includes plicae circulares
  2. Muscularis Mucosa
    1. Longitudinal Layer
    2. Circular Layer
  3. Submucosa
    1. Meissners Plexus
  4. Muscularis Externa
    1. Longitudinal layer
    2. Circular Layer
    3. Auerbach Plexus between the two layers
  5. Subserosa
  6. Serosa (Visceral peritoneum)
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35
Q

List the ducts associated with the biliary system

A

1) Common Hepatic Duct 2) Cystic Duct 3) Common bile duct

36
Q

What are hepatic recesses?

A

Anatomical spaces between the liver and surrounding structures

37
Q

Describe the Greater omentum

A

Extends from greater curvature of stomach and folds back to attach posterior abdominal wall ** The fold will cover the transverse colon and small intestines

38
Q

Draw the stomach arterial supply

A

Draw the stomach arterial supply

39
Q

Describe the location and function of the gall bladder.

A

1) Lies between quadrate and right lobe 2) Stores and secretes bile

40
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the spleen

A
  1. Lies against diaphragm in left hypochondriac region
  2. Along he long axis of ribs 9-11
41
Q

Jejunum vs Ileum

A
  1. Jejunum is deeper red than ileum
  2. Jejunum is thicker walled than ileum
  3. Jejunum is shorter than ileum
  4. Jejunum has long vasa recta (straight arteries coming off from arcades inmesentery of jejunum and ileum)
42
Q

How is the hepatic portal vein formed?

A

Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the neck of the pancreas

43
Q

Describe the impressions associated with the spleen

A
  1. Stomach (Gastric Impression)
  2. Large Intestines (Colic Impression)
  3. Kidney (Renal Impression)
44
Q

What are the two ligaments associated with the less omentum of the stomach

A

1) Hepatogastric Ligament 2) Hepatoduodenal Ligament

45
Q

List in order the major layers that make up the wall of the gut tract

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis Mucosa
  3. Submucosa
  4. Muscularis Externa
  5. Subserosa
  6. Serosa
46
Q

List the three major ligaments of the spleen and discribe their attachments

A
  1. Gastrosplenic - attaches spleen to stomach
  2. Phrenicosplenic - attaches spleen to stomach
  3. Lienorenal - attaches spleen to left kidney
47
Q

What is the Protal Hepatis?

A

Entry point for the portal triad

48
Q

Describe the anatomical features associated with the small intestines

A
  1. Duodenum is not associated with the small-intestinal mesentary
  2. Jujunem and Ileum are attached to posterior abdominal wall by mesentary (proper) of small intestines
  3. Mesentary (proper) of small intestines is 15 inches long where it attaches to the posterior abdominal wall
49
Q

Describe the main feature of the cecum

A
  1. Cecum is a large, blind-ended puch continuous with ascending colon
    1. Ileocecal orifice with ileocecal valve
  2. McBurney’s Point: Point over the right side of the abdomin that is 2/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
    1. Way to test for appendicitis
50
Q

What is the hepatic portal system?

A

Links the stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas to the liver

51
Q

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

A

Moves blood from the spleen and the Gi to the liver

52
Q

Describe the stomach and its location in relation to abdominal quadrants and regions

A

1) upper left quadrant of abdominal 2) Left hypochondriac and Epigastric regions of abdomen

53
Q

List the arterial supply to the small intestines

A

Duodenum: Gastroduodenal A. and Superior Mesenteric A.

Jejunum and Ileum: Superior Mesenteric A.

54
Q

Describe the lesser omentum.

A

Extends from lesser curvature of stomach to liver

55
Q

Define Coelom

A

Body cavity lined with mesoderm

56
Q

Describe the blood supply to the duodenum

A
  1. Small Arteries branching from Gastroduodenal A. and Superior Mesenteric A.
57
Q

List the five contacts of the Visceral user face of the live.

A

Gastric = contacts stomach Renal = Contacts duodenum Duodenal = contacts duodenum Colic = contacts right colic flexure Fossa for gall bladder

58
Q
A
59
Q

List the major vessels that supple the spleen

A
  1. Superior Polar
  2. Superior Middle
  3. Inferior Middle
  4. Inferior Polar
60
Q

Describe the common bile duct

A

1) Formed by union of common hepatic duct and cystic duct 2) Opens into duodenum with main pancreatic duct

61
Q

Describe the four major parts of the duodenum

A
  1. Superior Part
  2. Decending Part
  3. Horizontal Part
  4. Acending Part
62
Q

Trace the femoral artery and review proximal and deep branches

A

Trace the femoral artery and review proximal and deep branches

63
Q

What are the proximal branches of the femoral artery

A

1) Superficial epigastric artery
2) Superficial circumflex iliac artey
3) Superficial external pudendal artery

64
Q

Deep Branches of Femoral Artery

A

1) Profunda Femoris
2) Deep External Pidendal
3) Descending Genicular

65
Q
  1. Where does the femoral artery begin and end?
  2. What encloses the femoral artery
A
66
Q

Trace the pathway of the Superficial Epigastric artery

A
67
Q

Trace the superficial circumflex iliac artery

A
68
Q

Trace the pathway of the Superficial external oudendal artery

A
69
Q

What is the largest branch of the femoral artery

A
70
Q

Trace the Profunda Femoris

A
71
Q

Trace the Deep External Pudendal

A
72
Q

Trace the Descending Genicular

A
73
Q

Describe the Cruciate Anastomosis

A
74
Q

List the branching the the Cruciate Anastomosis contains

A
75
Q

Trace the Obturtor Artery

A
76
Q

List the Branches of the Obturator Artery

A
77
Q

Trace the Popliteal Artery

A
78
Q

Name the main branches of the Popliteal Artery

A
79
Q

Describe the Genicular Anastomosis

A

1) Genicular Branches of Popliteal Artery
2) Descending Branches of femoral and deep femoral arteries
3) Ascending branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries

80
Q

Name the two main branches of the Popliteal Artery

A
81
Q

Describe the Anterior Tibial Artery

A
82
Q

What is the anterior tibial artery accompanied by?

A
83
Q

Describe The Posterior Tibial Artery

A
84
Q

What accompanies the Posterior Tibial Artery?

A
85
Q
A

Anatomy II (3 decks)

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