Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dendrology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Populus tremuloides

A
  • most widely distributed tree in NA
  • Shade intolerant - pioneer of upland Boreal -short lived
  • small seeds (1.3 mil per pound)
  • seeds need bare mineral soil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Economic value of Populus tremuloides

A
  • not tough wood and doesn’t splinter
  • used as tongue depressors, boxes, crates
  • high economic value
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Populus balsamifera

A
  • stream side species
  • biggest hardwood tree in Boreal forest
  • reproduces by broken plant parts, roots, seeds
  • short lived, fast growing, shade intolerant spp on moist alluvial sites
  • seeds germinate best on wetter soils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Main differences between P. tremuloides and P. balsamifera

A

-balsamifera is a stream side spp and can reproduce by broken plant parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Betula papyrifera

A
  • shade intolerant, fast growing, short lived
  • Basal sprouts
  • greatest geographical range of any birch in NA
  • most useful hardwood in far north
  • infected by bronze beech borer and tent caterpillar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

seeds of B. papyrifera

A
  • require bare mineral soils, best facilitated through fire
  • produces large quantities of seeds
  • need cold stratification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

economic value of B. papyrifera

A
  • fuel, mine props, lumber, paneling, furniture

- snowshoe frames, canoes and paddles, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pinus banksiana

A
  • early settlers believed it was poisonous bc there was nothing in understory
  • shade intolerant, fast growing, short lived, pioneer
  • prefers infertile, sandy, acidic soils
  • cones are persistent and serotinous (requires high temps to open)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Economic and wildlife uses for P. banksiana

A
  • pulpwood (boxes, crates, craft paper, brown paper)

- Kirtland warbler breeds in young jack pine stands in Michigan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Larix laricina

A
  • wetland spp (acidic peat lands – BOGS)
  • always found with P. mariana
  • also grows in alkaline peat lands
  • very shade intolerant, fast growing, found on cold, wet sites with organic or mineral soils
  • 1 of 3 transcontinental conifers
  • reproduces by layering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

economic uses of L. laricina

A
  • native Americans used roots to sew paper birch bark together
  • durable and hard wood but has spiral grain which makes it undesirable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Picea mariana

A
  • mariana meaning Maryland
  • 1 of 3 transcontinental conifers
  • reproduces commonly by layering
  • grows in acidic peatlands and can grow along alpine summits (grows knee high in summits)
  • slowest growing tree in NA
  • pest is dwarf mistletoe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Economic uses of P. mariana

A
  • white fibers on stems used for puplwood, newsprint, and high grade paper
  • wood used for poles, furniture, sounding boards
  • cut for christmas trees, young shoots made to make beer
  • spruce grouse depends on it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Picea glauca

A
  • largest of the 3 transcontinental conifers
  • tallest evergreen in boreal
  • long lived and is in boreal uplands
  • most important commercial tree in Canada
  • shade tolerant, fast growing long lived climax spp on upland mesic sites of Boreal
  • pest is spruce budworm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Economic uses of P. glauca

A

-fibers are shorter than P. mariana but used for pulpwood, sounding boards, lumber for framing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abies balsamea

A
  • most cold hardy evergreen in NE mountains
  • shade tolerant, slow to fast growing, short lived, subclimax spp in Boreal
  • grows on mineral and organic soils
  • grows on NE mountains with B. papyrifera
  • fir waves
  • very susceptible to fires
  • prolific seeds (lots and lots)
17
Q

Economic uses for A. balsamea

A
  • christmas reefs
  • interior knotty pine paneling
  • 2nd best Christmas tree
  • used for cover by animals
18
Q

Betula alleghaniensis

A
  • long lived, mod shade tolerant subclimax of NE forest
  • gap spp
  • grows up to 3200’ of elevation
  • only birch that will grow on organic soil
  • stilit roots (visable above ground)
  • most massive hardwood in NE forest
  • once the most abundant hardwood in presettlement NE forest
19
Q

economic value of B. alleghaniensis

A
  • most economically valuble birch for forest products
  • furniture, plywood, firewood (one of the go to firewoods)
  • favorite brows of deer and moose
20
Q

Betula populifolia

A
  • small tree, multiple stems, basal sprouter
  • shade intolerant, fast growing, short lived pioneer spp in NE forest
  • barren infertile upland soils
  • confined to low elevations in NE
  • ecological role as a nurse tree
  • low economic value (too small)
  • damaged by ice, snow, and birch leaf miner
21
Q

Fagus grandifolia

A
  • shade tolerant, slow growing, long lived climax spp in NE forest
  • grows with sugar maple and yellow birch
  • most important mast in US
  • prolific root sucker
  • one of the most shade tolerant trees in NE
  • susceptible to fires
  • sprouts profusely from root system
  • beech bark disease
22
Q

Acer saccharum

A
  • state tree of NY
  • shade tolerant, slow growing, long lived climax spp in NE forest
  • grows with yellow birch
  • grows best on deep, rich, moist but well drained soils
  • 20% of standing timber in NY
  • produces abundant seed crop every 2-3 years
  • seeds have germination rate of 95+%
  • forest tent caterpillar
23
Q

Economic value of A. saccharum

A

-very high value for furniture, landscape, syrup

24
Q

Pinus strobus

A
  • largest confier in E US
  • mod shade tolerant, fast growing, long lived, disturbance dependent spp in NE forest
  • prefers well drained, sandy dry soils of glacial deposits
  • regenerates well following logging, farming, fire, and windthrow
25
Q

Economic value of P. strobus

A
  • one of the most highly valued timber trees
  • one of the most cut trees at beginning of US
  • soft, durable wood used for doors, furniture, flooring
  • made NYS the leading timber producer in US during Civil War
26
Q

Pinus resinosa

A
  • shad intolerant, fast growing, long lived pioneer of NE forest
  • prefers sandy loams of glacial deposits or shallow soils of mountain slopes (low elevation)
  • thrives in places with fire
  • more site demanding than jack, but less than white
  • one of the most extensively planted trees in NE
  • not as long lived as P. strobus
27
Q

Economic value of P. resinosa

A

-lumber used for construction, poles, railway ties, posts

28
Q

Pinus sylvestris

A
  • shad intolerant, fast growing, cold hardy, mod long lived pioneer in NE forest
  • prefers dry, sandy, impoverished soils (tolerant to extremely bad sites)
  • most widely distributed pine in the world
  • large variation in form, growth rate, foliage color
  • fed on by porcupines
29
Q

Economic value of P. sylvestris

A
  • one of the most commericial spp in Europe
  • most popular Christmas tree in US
  • pulpwood
30
Q

Picea rubens

A
  • very shade tolerant, long lived climax spp
  • most most abundant spp in ADK before logging/fires
  • needs high humidity and at least 40” of annual rainfall
  • grows best in S Appalachians up to 5000’
  • replaced by A. balsamea at hgihest elevations in NE
  • shallow rooted - susceptible to windthrow
31
Q

Economic value and disturbances of P. rubens

A
  • pulpwood, violins, spruce gum and beer

- spruce beetles, cold damage, dwarf mistletoe, root rot, spruce budworm

32
Q

Picea abies

A
  • mod shade tolerant, fast growing, long lived spp in NE forest
  • prefers moist but well drained soils
  • common spruce of Europe and major timber spp there
  • naturalized in US
  • one of the most commonly planted trees
33
Q

Economic uses of P. abies

A
  • pulpwood, poles

- used to be used for Syracuse Christmas tree

34
Q

Tsuga canadensis

A
  • very shade tolerant, slow growing, long lived climax spp of NE forest
  • site sensitive, shallow root system, does not tolerate drought
  • shade creates dark, cool, dry, acidic microhabitat beneath
  • hemlock woolly adelgid (has 3-5 years of life after infected)
35
Q

Economic use of T. canadensis

A
  • great ornamental tree
  • tannin leather
  • construction, pulpwood, cabinets
  • favorite deer browse - little regeneration
36
Q

Thuja occidentalis

A
  • shade tolerant, long lived, slow growing spp of NE forest
  • on uplands in pure, extensive stands or in wetlands with other spp
  • thrives in calcarious conditions (high Ca and pH)
  • reproduces by seed and layering
  • wood is subject to ring-shakes
37
Q

two ecotypes of T. occidentalis

A
  • both occur on calcareous soils
  • dry, rocky, uplands
  • cold, minerotrophic, saturated swamps
38
Q

Economic value of T. occidentalis

A
  • foliage used for Christmas wreaths and decorations
  • planted for ornamental purposes
  • winter browse and cover for deer

Dendrology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions