Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 350 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

pls let me do good

1
Q

what is atrophy

A

shrinking or losing fluid in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is hyperplasia

A

increase in cell numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is metaplasia

A

reversible replacement of mature cells with another type of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is dysplasia

A

changes in shape, size or organization of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is hypoxic injury

A

when there is a significant lack of oxygen to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the response to hypoxic injury

A

cell death??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is ischemia

A

reduced blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is hypoxia vs anoxia

A

lack of sufficient oxygen vs . total lack of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is hypoxemia

A

abnormally low O2 in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are free radicals and reactive oxygen species?

A

free radicals pull electrons from other cells and ruin the structure . reactive oxygen species do the same and damage tissues by proxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the systemic manifestations of cell and tissue injury

A

swelling, fever, redness, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define coagulative necrosis

A

cells die by mechanical injury or lack of oxygen but retain structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define liquefactive necrosis

A

occurs during infection besides in the brain, cells break down and become liquefied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define caseous necrosis

A

tissue has white cottage cheese like appearance called a granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define fatty necrosis

A

occurs in fat cell rich areas, cells break down and appear as white blotches in skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define gangrene necrosis

A

tissue death in extremities only that present as blackened skin w putrefication .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define genomics

A

structure, function, evolution and mapping of genomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define pharmacogenomics

A

how genes affect a persons response to drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define epigenomics

A

study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications to genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define epigenetics

A

study of changes in an organism caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are genes when relating to heredity .

A

traits passed down through alleles and dominant/recessive genes

24
Q

What is DNA and its pairing?

A

pairs of A/T and G/C

25
Q

what is RNA and its paring?

A

A/U and G/C

26
Q

what is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to proteins)

27
Q

how to build mRNA from DNA or DNA template strand

A

always synthesized from 5’ to 3’

28
Q

organization of genes on chromosomes

A

DNA pairs connected by histones, and they fold on each other to form chromosomes

29
Q

what is a locus?

A

where on the chromosome a gene is located

30
Q

what is alleles

A

versions of a gene on the chromosome

31
Q

how many copies of each gene are inherited?

A

2 copies of each gene, one from each parent for a total of 46 chromosomes

32
Q

number of chromosomes in human body cells

A

46

33
Q

number of chromosomes in sperm/egg cells

A

23

34
Q

what is a karyotype

A

number and appearance of chromosomes in an individual

35
Q

how are genes labeled?

A

chromosome #, Long(q) or short (a) arm, region

Example for the BRCA gene= 7q31.2

7th chromosome, long arm, region 31.2

36
Q

what is multifactorial inheritance

A

disease caused by many factors, combination of environment, gene susceptibility, exposure, lifestyle

37
Q

what is aneuploidy

A

abnormal number of chromosome

38
Q

what is translocation

A

when part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches somewhere else

39
Q

who should be offered prenatal screening and why?

A

women over 35, fetal problems or complications are much more common at this age

40
Q

what are the main functions of cells

A

excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication

41
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

DNA and replication

42
Q

what does the ER do

A

protein synthesis

43
Q

what does the Golgi do

A

packages protein for secretion

44
Q

what does the peroxisomes do

A

breakdowns fatty acids

45
Q

what does the mitochondria do

A

oxidative phosphorylation, ATP formation, Ca2+ transport

46
Q

what are the components of the cytoskeleton?

A

microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments

47
Q

what do microtubules do

A

stiffen and add rigidity to cell structure

48
Q

what do actin filaments do

A

occur in bundles, pinch cells together for splitting, cell movement

49
Q

what do intermediate filaments do

A

braided fibers that bridge from cell to cell in epithelial tissue keeping it together

50
Q

why are cell membranes important?

A

receptors, surface markers, proteins in the membrane, cell signaling

51
Q

what are roles of plasma membrane proteins

A

bind with ligands to create responses and identifies self vs outside

52
Q

what is anabolism

A

energy using process

53
Q

what is catabolism

A

energy releasing

54
Q

what is osmolarity vs osmolality

A

milliosmoles per liter of water vs . milliosmoles per kg of water

55
Q

what is the extracellular matrix

A

extracellular collagens, proteins, enzymes that provide structural and biochemical supports

NURS 350 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions