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Psychology Of Learning > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolution/natural selection?

A

How animals evolve and adapt to their environment

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2
Q

What are reflexes?

A

An action that does not require thought

Relationship between an event and response

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3
Q

What are modal action patterns?

A

A action that a whole species does…..spiders and webs…ants and chemical traila… rattle snake and their rattlea

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4
Q

What is a releaser as it relates to modal action patterns?

A

A releaser causes the modal action pattern

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5
Q

What are some general behavior traits

A

Personality…agression….anxiety….goofiness

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6
Q

What are mutations?

A

Abrupt changes in genes

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7
Q

What is learning?

A

A change in behavior due to a experience….

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8
Q

What is behavior?

A

Anything an animal does that can be measured

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9
Q

What is an experience?

A

A change in environment…seeing new things

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10
Q

What is habituation?

A

Reduced reflex due to repetition…..mouse being scared of sounds at first but after a while is not

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11
Q

What is nature and nurture and what is the debate?

A

Nature is what your born with….genetics

Nurture is what your environment was growing up

The debate is what is more important or what has the biggest effect on people

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12
Q

What is the natural science approach?

A

The belief that everything has a cause ……cause comes before effect

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13
Q

What is an error as it pertains to measurement of learning?

A

Looking at how many or the reduction of errors

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14
Q

What is topography as it pertains to measurement of learning?

A

How well you can navigate an area

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15
Q

What is intensity as it pertains to measurement of learning?

A

The measure of how hard or loud something is…..dog can speak bark loud or whisper bark quietly

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16
Q

What is speed as it pertains to measurement of learning

A

The time it takes to complete a task

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17
Q

What is latency?

A

The time that passes before a behavior is learned

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18
Q

What is rate as it pertains to measurement of learning?

A

The number times something happens in a given time

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19
Q

What is fluency?

A

Measure of learning that combines speed and accuracy

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20
Q

What is anectodal evidence?

A

A personal experice…story from someone….no evidence

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21
Q

What is a case study?

A

It is observing someone,group, or orhanization in great detail..

22
Q

What is a experiment?

A

A procedure where scientists manipulate variables and measure the effects of manipulation

23
Q

What is an Independent variable?

A

The variable that is being changed

24
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The measure of chance from the independent

25
Q

What is descriptive research?

A

Try to describe or explain characteristics of population…..

26
Q

What is between subjects experiment?

A

Testing everyone on different things…

27
Q

What is an within subjects design?

A

Everyone in the study gets the same tests

28
Q

What is the baseline period?

A

The test that does not have any manipulation….what you are going to compare to

29
Q

What is A B A reversal design?

A

Giving the subjects multiple tests with the same manipulation…prevents having outlies both big and small

30
Q

What are some limitations of experiments?

A

Biases….individuals abilities….human error..extraneous variables

31
Q

What are strengths of animal research?

A

It can give you total control of the life of the animal from birth….control heredity…learning history…ethical problems with humans

32
Q

What are criticisms of animal research?

A

It is not ethical….they are not human….can do computer tests

33
Q

What is a unconditioned reflex?

A

A reflex that occurs without thought…..mouth salvation…moving hand after touching something hot

34
Q

What is a conditional reflex?

A

A learned reflex…..stinky runs to kitchen when hearing refrigerator door open

35
Q

What is a Unconditined Stimulus(US)?

A

Automatic and naturally occurring….hunger for food or just food

36
Q

What is the unconditioned response(UR)?

A

Something you can’t control like salivation.

37
Q

What is conditioned stimulus (CS)?

A

Something that is neutral at start but is eventually learned

38
Q

What is conditioned response(CR)?

A

Learned response

39
Q

What is classical conditioning/pavlovian conditioning?

A

A learning process where two stimuli are paired

40
Q

What is higher order conditioning?

A

Paring a neutral stimulus(NS) with a well established CS…….dog learns bell…then pairs with light flashing

41
Q

What is contingency?

A

If than statement that says one event X only occurs if another event Y comes first…..dog wont salivate unless bell is rung

42
Q

What is contiguity?

A

Refers to closeness in times between two events

43
Q

What is salience?

A

How noticeable is the thing your doing

44
Q

What is extinction?

A

When you eliminate or suppress a behavior….person afraid of spiders is no longer

45
Q

What is spontaneous recovery?

A

When you have extincted a behavior but not it has come back

46
Q

What is the predatory response theory?

A

Proposes that unconditional response prepares us for unconditional stimulus…and that conditned responses prepare us for the unconditioned stimulus

47
Q

What is the compensatory response theory?

A

Argued that the Conditoned Response prepares us for the Unconditionap Response

48
Q

What is overshadowing?

A

When two or more stimulus are present but only one produces the response because it is more noticable

49
Q

What is blocking?

A

Pairing a Unconditined Stimulus with a Condtionted stimulus…..

50
Q

What is the difference between correlation and experimental research?

A

correlational studiesa researcher looks for associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas inexperimental studiesthe researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects.

Psychology Of Learning (4 decks)

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