Chapter 4-6 Flashcards
What is pavlovian/classical conditioning?
Pairing of a biological stimulus with a neutral one……..dog learn to associate bell with food
What is conditioned emotional response?
The learned emotional reactions like love hate disgust
How can a phobia be learned the classical conditioning?
You can show someone an item and scare them every time the item I shown
What us counterconditining?
The use of conditioning to reverse unwanted effects of previous conditioning
What is exposure therapy?
Gradually exposing the person to their fear
What is systematic desensitization?
Psychologist has you list things you fear….then Psychologist describes your feared scenario and tries to get the persons to relax….causing them to associate their once fear with relaxation
What is aversion therapy?
Making clients conditoned stimulus paired with an unpleasant one….shown stimulus they like along with some form of discomfort ….used on pedophiles
What is conditoned taste aversion?
When a animal pairs a food with being toxic….usually due to animal experiencing adverse affects after consumption
What is a primary reinforcer?
Things that occur naturally and dont require conditoning…..sex….food….pleasure
What is a secondary reinforcer?
A learned thing such as money….grades…..tokens
What is a positive reinforcement?
When the stimulus is presented and increases behavior
What is negative reinforcement?
The removal of a something to get a response
What are natural reinforcers?
Events that follow a behavior….brush teeth equals clean mouth…..you walk you move…pedal bike you move…
What is contrived reinforcer?
Events that provided to make a certain behavior happen…..parent gives child cookie and sounds it out…boss gives bonuses
What are motivating operators?
Anything that changes effectiveness of consequences….the two kinds are establishing and abolishing operations
What is abolishing operations?
Decreases value of reinforcer…..feed the person being tested then trying to use food as a reinforcer…
What is dopamine?
A neurotransmitter that is used during things we find enjoyable
What is the reward pathway?
Part of brian that controls behavior and memory….can release dopamine
What is drive recution theory?
Says we are born with natural drives…..when the drives are satisfied you loose drive to achieve those goals
What is relative value theory/ premack principle?
You will do something because of its value to you
What is response deprivation theory?
Behavior becomes reinforcing when withheld from normal use
Two process theory?
Say two kinds of learning experiences are involved in avoidance learning
What is shaping?
Proccess of reinforcing the animal as it gets closer and closer to desired behavior
What is the behavior chain?
An even that has units of behavior in sequence
What is a forward chaining?
Doing the task and starting at step one
What is a forward chaining?
Doing the task and starting at step one
What is reverse changing?
Starting at the desired behavior and working to the start
What is superstitious behavior?
Any behavior that is performed repeatedly event though it doesn’t produce desired response
What is learned helplessness
When being has tried many times to escape and failed…even when given a open opportunity they won’t take it
What is learning?
A change In behavior due to experience
What is operant conditioning?
Learning proccess where a behavior is modified through reinforcement and punishment
What is higher order conditioning.?
Happens when a once ns turns to a cs….then you pair the cs with a ns….creating the cs into the reinforcer
What is establishing operations?
Increase the value of reinforcer….take away food person will want food
