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RUSVM Tox > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is a poison from a biological source

A

Toxin

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2
Q

What is the length of exposure for subacute toxicity?

A

24hrs - 30d

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3
Q

A chronicity factor greater than ___ makes it a cumulative toxicant

A

2

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4
Q

A compound that has an LD50 of 50mcg/kg is considered?

A

Extremely toxic

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5
Q

1 ppm = ___ %

A

0.0008%

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6
Q

If a feed contains 400ppm arsanilic acid as a growth promoter, how many grams are needed p/ton?

A

363 g/ton

100g/ton=110ppm
1.1ppm=1g/ton
400/1.1=363 g/ton

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7
Q

1% = ___ ppm

A

90000ppm

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8
Q

T/F: activated charcoal is effective w/ethanol toxicosis

A

False

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9
Q

Which drugs could you give to enhance renal excretion of a basic drug such as amphetamine?

A

Methionine

Ammonium Chloride

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10
Q

T/F: Organophosphates are persistent in the environment

A

False

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11
Q

Between Carbamates & Thiophosphates, which one requires hepatic bioactivation?

A

Thiophosphates

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12
Q

How can carbamate & organophosphate toxicosis be dx?

A

Atropine therapy

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13
Q

What is the MOA for carbamate?

A

Reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

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14
Q

T/F: Organochlorine, Nicotine & Amitraz can be tx w/activated charcoal

A

True

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15
Q

A cat presents w/CNS stimulation, tremors, clonic/tonic seizures, hyperthermia & opisthotonos

What is your top Ddx?

A

Organochlorines

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16
Q

T/F: Antacids can aid in the tx of nicotine toxicosis

A

False

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17
Q

T/F: Amitraz & Ivermectin both cause CNS depression

A

True

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18
Q

A patient w/naphthalene toxicosis will have what kind of clinical abnormalities?

A

Hemolytic anemia, methoglobinemia & Heinz bodies

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19
Q

If a patient is negative for the atropine response test, does it have the organophosphate poisoning?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is the MOA of ivermectin toxicosis?

A

GABA agonist

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21
Q

T/F: Plasma protien binding is generally reversible and prolongs the t1/2 of the drug

A

True

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22
Q

What do acidic drugs bind mainly to?

A

Albumin

23
Q

Name the nightly perfused tissues

A

Liver, kidney, brain & endocrine glands

24
Q

What is the most common type of biotransformation reaction?

A

Oxidation

25
Q

What is DDT’s MOA?

A

Na+ channels stay open, which inhibits repolarization

26
Q

T/F: OP induced delayed polyneuropathy develops 10-14d after exposure & CS include ataxia & mm weakness

A

True

27
Q

T/F: CS of carbamates include - salivation & lacrimation

A

True

28
Q

T/F: dogs are sensitive to pyrethrums/pyrethroids

A

False

29
Q

What can be combined w/DEET that increases dermal absorption?

A

Pyrethroids

30
Q

T/F: Beta 2 adrenergic agonists are an appropriate tx for smoke inhalation

A

True

31
Q

What gases are colorless?

A

Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide & CO

32
Q

Which gas has a rotten egg odor?

A

Hydrogen Sulfide

33
Q

T/F: Sodium Nitrate IV can be used to tx hydrogen sulfide poisoning

A

True

34
Q

Which animal has a poor prognosis w/Rotenone toxicity?

A

Fish

35
Q

Which species are more sensitive to Naphthalene?

A

Cats

36
Q

What is the preferred method for preserving tissues for chemical analysis?

A

Freezing

37
Q

A dog presented w/miosis, excess salivation, v/d, urination, mm fasciculations, seizures & difficulty in breathing. What is the first thing that should be done?

A

Perform artificial respiration

38
Q

What are the primary chemical reactions of biotransformation?

A

Conjugation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

39
Q

Which drug may increase the toxicity of acetaminophen?

A

Phenobarbital

40
Q

What is the most common biotransformation reaction?

A

Oxidation

41
Q

Which drug can enhance renal excretion of phenobarbital?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

42
Q

Which drug can be used to reduce brain swelling d/t toxicosis?

A

Glucocorticoid

43
Q

T/F: chlorinated hydrocarbons are the most long lasting insecticides in the environment

A

True

44
Q

A cat died from possible chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity. What would be the best sample to submit for a dx?

A

Brain

45
Q

MOA of Amitraz

A

Mainly an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist = CV collapse & resp depression

46
Q

MOA of bromethalin

A

Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation & inhibiting ATP = Cerebral & spinal edema

47
Q

What is the reason for early death of metaldehyde poisoning?

A

Resp failure

48
Q

What specimen is used for dx of metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Stomach contents

49
Q

Why do pyrethrins have low toxicity in mammals?

A

They are rapidly metabolized

50
Q

T/F: fish are the most sensitive to rotenone toxicity

A

True

51
Q

Which toxicant causes calcification of soft tissue?

A

Cholecalciferol

52
Q

T/F: organophosphates & pyrethrins produce similar CS

A

True

53
Q

MOA of rotenone

A

Inhibits oxidation of NADH to NAD

54
Q

T/F: Amitraz cause hyperglycemia d/t insulin inhibition

A

True

RUSVM Tox (3 decks)

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