Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wildlife Ecology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is wildlife

A

free-living, wild animals of major significance to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Public Trust Doctrine 3 principles

A
  • Wildlife can be owned by no individual but is held by the state in trust for all the people
  • As trustee, the state has no power to delegate its trust duties and no freedom to transfer trust ownership or management of assets to private concerns
  • The state has the affirmative duty to fulfill trust responsibilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What year did US Grant establish 1st National Park

A

1872

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

John Muir

A
  • advocates wilderness preservation
  • Yosemite
  • Later founds Sierra Club
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lacey Act

A

Prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, possessed, transported, or sold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System (and what year)

A

Pelican Island (1903) Theodore Roosevelt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Migratory Bird Treaty Act

A

-unlawful to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, or sell “migratory birds”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act

A

11% tax on hunting weapons and ammo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First chair of game/wildlife management

A

Aldo Leopold (1930s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1940s-1960s

A

Green Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act

A

1947 - 1st to regulate chemicals in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sikes Act

A

1960

-fish, wildlife, natural resources on military lands should be protected and enhanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What year was Silent Spring published

A

1962

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hughes vs Oklahoma

A
  • 1970
  • U.S. Congress may enact legislation governing wildlife on federal lands. When conflicting state law exists, the supremacy clause ensures that federal legislation will prevail.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

-the entire range of conditions within which the organisms can potentially be found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Realized Niche

A

The limited range of conditions within which the organism is observed to be found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is habitat

A

the combination of resources and environmental conditions present in an area that produce occupancy by individuals of a given species species-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Range

A

the sum total of the specific resources needed by an organism across space and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Habitat availability

A

accessibility or ability of an organism to obtain, consume, exploit, or reside within the resources and conditions in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sampling steps for presence-absence

A
  1. Measure resource and environmental conditions
  2. Statistical analysis
  3. Make prediction, or map prediction
  4. Evaluation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Habitat Use

A

the extent to which an animal consumes, exploits, or resides within the resources and conditions in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Habitat selection

A
  • the decision-making process of an animal in determining where to be in the environment
  • involves innate and learned behaviors
  • involves many various sources of info
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Habitat may or may not support _____ and _____ at any given level

A

Survival / reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Habitat Quality

A

the ability of the habitat to provide for performance outcomes (individual survival, reproduction, population, persistence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ecological Trap

A

The cues that induce an organisms to say “this looks like a good place to be” are actually not a good indicator of habitat quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3 components of Fragmentation

(species-specific)

A
  • loss of total area of a specific habitat
  • reduction in mean patch size
  • increase in mean distance between patches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Area sensitivity

A
  • species-specific
  • can be linear or a threshold relationship
  • area needs to meet specific outcomes: presence, use, survival, mating, reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Island Biogeography

A
  • We expect colonizations less frequently on distant islands than on near islands.
  • If extinctions occur at the same rate on near and far islands, near islands will support a greater diversity of species than far islands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Boone and Crocket Club

A
  • Established by Theodore Roosevelt before presidency
  • to promote the conservation and management of wildlife, especially big game, and its habitat, to preserve and encourage hunting and to maintain the highest ethical standards of fair chase and sportsmanship in North America.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In Europe during the Norman period, the fist ____ were formed which are likely todays ____

A

franchises, hunting permits

31
Q

Extent

A

the scope of data, or the largest area being studied or considered

32
Q

There are 7 pillars ascribed to the ______ model of wildlife management

A

wildlife conservation

33
Q

The book Nature was written by _____ and the book Walden was written by _____

A

Emerson / Thoreau

34
Q

Takings Clause

A

grants to federal government the power to take private property for public use, but requires just compensation.. 5th amendment

35
Q

Martin v. Waddell in 1842

A

leads to the creation of the Public Trust Doctrine

36
Q

Wildlife management in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s was focussed on

A

Predator control

37
Q

John Muir

A

founded the Sierra Club

38
Q

Mosaic Model

A

sees landscapes as comprised of numerous patches of different conditions.

39
Q

Grain

A

the resolution of data

40
Q

Delay of the Telco Dam lead to the

A

Endangered Species Act, due to the presence of snail darter and the court case that followed

41
Q

On what spacial scale would you measure home scale

A

Depends on species of interest

42
Q

r

A

growth rate

  • unstable environment
  • density indépendant
  • many offspring
43
Q

K

A

carrying capacity

  • stable environment
  • density dependent
  • few offspring
44
Q

Population

A

a collection of individuals in a user-defined area that might or might not breed with individuals of that species occurring elsewhere

45
Q

Natality

A

birth rate, number of young born in a given unit of time

46
Q

Fecundity

A

potential capacity for reproduction, such as number of gametes of an individual within a population

47
Q

We would expect the ______ of a population of monogamous species to differ from that of polygynous species

A

sex ratio

48
Q

Sex ratios reflect an element of the potential for ____

A

natality

49
Q

Polygynous species

A

sex ratios are skewed or shifted to favor females in a harvested population (one male can bred with many females)

50
Q

monogamous species

A
  • one male can breed with many female
  • balanced sex ratio
  • sex specific hunting species can devastate a population
51
Q

Mortality

A

refers to the inherent loss of individuals from a population through death

52
Q

Compensatory mortality

A

-one type of mortality largely replaces another while the total mortality rate of the population remains constant

53
Q

Additive mortality

A

-different mortality rate throughout years

54
Q

Age pyramid

A

-An expression of the numerical relationship between the sexes and ages of individuals in a population

55
Q

Life table

A

-A life table is a clear and

systematic picture of mortality and survival, and a format for describing the mortality schedule of a population

56
Q

Exponential Growth

A
  • r selected species
  • no resource limitation
  • cannot occur forever
57
Q

Logistic Growth

A
  • resources limited

- K-selected species

58
Q

Mesopredators

A

relatively small carnivores that consume autotrophs

59
Q

Generalist predators

A

Predators that switch between multiple prey items

60
Q

Lotka-Volterra Model

A

pair of differential equations that describe predator-prey dynamics

61
Q

Specialist predators

A

persist with key prey species

do not switch prey items

62
Q

optimal foraging theory

A

animals foraging ideally will make ideal choices about foraging time and location based factors such as the profitability of a food item, the rate of consumption they can attain in a given patch, the time and energy it takes to travel to nearby patches

63
Q

Patch selection theory assumptions

A
  • each patch type is recognized instantaneously
  • travel time between patches is known by the predator
  • gain curve is smooth,continuous, and decelerating
  • travel time between and searching within a patch have equal energy costs
64
Q

Intraspecific

A
  • among or between individuals of the same species (food,space,mates)
  • negative correlation between density or pop size and individual fitness
65
Q

Interspecific

A
66
Q

Scramble competition

A

-each individual strives to get a portion of the shared resources

67
Q

Interference competition

A

-the presence of competitors prevents a forager’s accessibility to resources

68
Q

Ideal free distribution

A
  • Predicts that animals will make decisions about where to go/use based on the quality of the patches available at that time
  • will choose most profitable patch
69
Q

Natal dispersal

A

-Permanent movement an individual makes from its birth site to the place where it reproduces or would have reproduced if it had survived

70
Q

Breeding dispersal

A

-movement of adults between breeding attempts

71
Q

Effective dispersal

A

-When either type of dispersal ultimately results in a successful breeding attempt…meaning that the genetic lineage of the individual dispersals EFFECTIVELY dispersed

72
Q

Allee Effect

A

positive correlation between density/pop size and individual fitness

73
Q

Negative density dependance

A

as density increases, fitness decreases

low density, low fitness

Wildlife Ecology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions