Exam 1

Question 1

The fasciculus gracilis is ____ to the fasciculus cuneatus in the spinal cord

Answer 1

Medial

Question 2

The fasciculus ____ carries touch and conscious proprioception information from the lower body and limbs (sacrum, lumber, T6-T12) to the brainstem

Answer 2

Gracilis

Question 3

The fasciculus ____ carries touch and conscious proprioception information from the upper body and limbs (T6 and above) to the brainstem

Answer 3

Cuneatus

Question 4

Name the two conscious sensory tracts

Answer 4

1. Dorsal white column/medial lemniscus pathway

2. Spinothalamic tract

Question 5

The dorsal white column/medial lemniscus pathway carries what type of information?

Answer 5

Discriminating touch and conscious proprioception

Question 6

The spinothalamic tract carries what type of information from the body wall and limbs?

Answer 6

Pain, temperature, light touch

Question 7

High threshold stimuli (mechanical, thermal, chemical) can be associated with what conscious sensory tract?

Answer 7

Spinothalamic tract (nociceptive - tissue damaging stimuli)

Question 8

Low threshold stimuli can be associated with what conscious sensory tract?

Answer 8

Dorsal white column/medial lemniscus pathway (non-tissue damaging stimuli)

Question 9

The decussation of the pyramids (conscious motor tracts) is just ____(caudal, rostral) to the decussation of the medial lemniscus-in the caudal closed medulla

Answer 9

Caudal

Question 10

Before the decussation of the pyramids, the conscious motor tracts are known as:

Answer 10

Corticospinal tracts (pyramids)

Question 11

The Anterior Corticospinal tract innervates the ____ muscles bilaterally

Answer 11

Axial

Question 12

The Lateral Corticospinal Tract innervates the ____ muscles contralaterally

Answer 12

Appendicular

Question 13

Conscious input to the cranial nerves (except I, II and VIII) is known as the ____ tracts

Answer 13

Corticobulbar

Question 14

Which cranial nerve innervations are primarily CONTRALATERAL?

Answer 14

1. Lower face of VII
2. CN XI
3. CN XII

Question 15

Generalizing, the axons of low threshold stimuli (discriminating touch/proprioception) tend to be _____ (myelinated/unmyelinated) and the sensory cell bodies tend to be ____ (small/large)

Answer 15

Myelinated, large

Question 16

The primary afferent axons of the ____ pathway tend to go up or down several segments in the cord before synapsing on the 2nd order neurons

Answer 16

Pain/temperature (nociceptive, thermal stimuli), or spinothalamic tract

Question 17

The conscious sensory tracts end where?

Answer 17

In the cortex of the parietal lobe

Question 18

Which conscious sensory tract enters the MEDIAL part of the dorsal root, and which one enters the LATERAL part of the dorsal root?

Answer 18

Medial- DWC/ML Pathway

Lateral - Spinothalamic Tract

Question 19

The corticospinal tracts synapse in lamina ___ in the spinal cord before the GSEs leave to innervate muscles

Answer 19

IX

Question 20

The corticobulbar tracts synapse on what cranial nerves in the MIDBRAIN?

Answer 20

III and IV

Question 21

The corticobulbar tracts synapse on what cranial nerves in the PONS?

Answer 21

V, VI, VII

Question 22

The corticobulbar tracts synapse on what cranial nerves in the MEDULLA?

Answer 22

IX, X, XII

Question 23

The roof or “tectum” of the brainstem is ____(ventral/dorsal) to the cerebral aqueduct/central canal?

Answer 23

Dorsal

Question 24

The floor or “tegmentum” of the brainstem is located where?

Answer 24

In the middle of the brainstem. Between the tectum (roof)-anterior to cerebral aqueduct/central canal, and the basilar portion (ventral-motor)

Question 25

The basal portion of the brainstem is where?

Answer 25

Most ventral portion (mainly motor), anterior to the tegmentum (floor)

Question 26

Where do the conscious motor tracts come from (originate)?

Answer 26

Pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe cortex