Cerebellum

Question 1

The ___ and ___ cerebellar peduncles generally contain cerebellar afferent fibers, whereas most fibers present in the ____ cerebellar peduncle constitute cerebellar efferent fibers.

Answer 1

Inferior and middle,

Superior

Question 2

The lobe closest to the midbrain, which receives inputs mainly from the spinal cord is the ____ lobe

Answer 2

Anterior

Question 3

The ___ lobe receives inputs from the cerebral cortex and various parts of the brainstem, such as the reticular formation and inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 3

Posterior

Question 4

The smallest lobe, which mainly receives inputs from the vestibular apparatus or vestibular neurons is the ___ lobe

Answer 4

Flocculonodular

Question 5

The largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellar nuclei is the _____. Its neurons target the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 5

Dentate nucleus

Question 6

The most medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei is the ______. Its main projection targets include the reticular formation and vestibular neurons.

Answer 6

Fastigial nucleus

Question 7

Also known as the interposed nuclei, these two nuclei of the cerebellum, located between the fastigial and dentate nuclei, mainly have efferent axons that project to the red nucleus of the midbrain (their axons constitute the primary means by which information exits the cerebellum)

Answer 7

Globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus

Question 8

This structure transmits inputs arising from the contralateral deep pontine nuclei to the cerebellar cortex

Answer 8

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 9

The major efferent pathway of the cerebellar cortex whose axons target the red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 9

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 10

The loss of full control of bodily movements

Answer 10

Ataxia

Question 11

Name the three layers of the cerebellar cortex from outermost to deepest

Answer 11

1. Molecular layer
2. Purkinje cell layer
3. Granule cell layer

Question 12

The ____ tract conveys signals mainly from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs concerning the status of individual muscles from the lower limbs, passes through the inferior cerebellar peduncle and terminates mainly in the medial part of the ipsilateral anterior lobe and adjacent portions of the posterior lobe

Answer 12

Dorsal spinocerebellar

Question 13

The ____ tract is responsible for conveying the synergy of movement (i.e. Whole limb movement) from golgi tendon organs through the superior cerebellar peduncle to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum close to the regions where the dorsal spinocerebellar tract terminates

Answer 13

Ventral spinocerebellar

Question 14

The upper limb equivalent of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract, the ____ tract, has afferent fibers traveling in the fasciculus cuneatus to the accessory cuneate nucleus and then through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

Answer 14

Cuneocerebellar

Question 15

Motor fibers descending from the red nucleus to the inferior olivary nucleus (both directly and indirectly) are known as ______

Answer 15

Rubro-olivary fibers

Question 16

These fibers travel from the deep pontine nuclei through the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle and to the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 16

Transverse pontine fibers

Question 17

The fibers entering the cerebellum from all regions of the CNS (with exception to the inferior olivary nucleus) are known as ____. These fibers give rise to many branches in the granule cell layer and interact with multiple granule cell’s dendrites

Answer 17

Mossy fibers

Question 18

The ____ fibers, projecting from the inferior olivary nucleus to the molecular layer of the cerebellum, interact with purkinje cells on a one-to-one ratio

Answer 18

Climbing

Question 19

Are the climbing and mossy fibers excitatory or inhibitory to their targets?

Answer 19

Excitatory

Question 20

The efferents from the cerebellar cortex begin where?

Answer 20

Purkinje cells

Question 21

Purkinje cells are ____ to the deep nuclei of the cerebellum (excitatory, inhibitory)

Answer 21

Inhibitory

Question 22

The primary afferents (muscle spindles, GTOs) of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract synapse in the _______ portion of the cord before ascending through the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 22

Nucleus Dorsalis of Clarke (Lamina VII)

Question 23

The ventral spinocerebellar tract consists of ONLY ___ primary afferents (receptor type)

Answer 23

GTO

Question 24

The primary afferents of the spinocerebellar tract synapse in the ____ portion of the spinal cord before they cross the midline to ascend

Answer 24

Lamina VII (NOT the nucleus dorsalis of Clarke)

Question 25

Once the ventral spinocerebellar tract’s fibers reach the cerebellum, where do they synapse?

Answer 25

Emboliform nucleus (of the original side)

Question 26

This tract arises in the pontine nuclei of the basilar pons and crosses the midline to go through the middle cerebellar peduncle and enter the posterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 26

Pontocerebellar tract

Question 27

Descending fibers from the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes contribute input to the ____ of the basilar pons

Answer 27

Pontine nuclei

Question 28

Damage to the ____ lobe of the cerebellum results in “truncal ataxia” (stands on wide base, trunk sways from side to side)

Answer 28

Flocculonodular (vestibular input)

Question 29

The deep nuclei of the cerebellum (efferents) leave via the:

Answer 29

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 30

The ___ nucleus in the cerebellum projects efferent axons mainly to the cerebrum via the thalamic motor nuclei (some axons synapse in the red nucleus)

Answer 30

Dentate