Exam 1 Flashcards
A person who suffered from the form of mass madness called lycanthropy beloved themselves to be possessed by what?
Wolves
What is a trephine?
A stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull
All forms of therapy have 3 essential features what are they?
A sufferer, a healer and a series of contacts between the sufferer and healer
Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is not called what?
Mental instability
Judgments of abnormality depend on social norms as well as what?
Specific circumstances
Who was the Boston school teacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America
Dorothea Dix
Insurance parity laws are concerned with what?
Providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems
The policy of releasing patients from public mental health hospitals is known as what?
Deinstitutionalization
What is the role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology?
To detect, assess and treat abnormal patterns of functioning
Before the 1950s almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of what?
Private psychotherapy
The treatment mechanism associated with touching a troubled area of a patients body either a special rod is known as what?
Mesmerism
What was the earliest term to describe the mentally ill?
Unstable
What did Dorothea Dix work lead to the establishment around the country?
State hospitals
Which single viewpoint dominates clinical field as much as the psychoanalytic perspective ounce did?
The Cognitive model
What 19th century perspective held the view that abnormal psychological functioning had physical causes?
Somatogenic>body
What did Hippocrates believe caused abnormal behavior?
Imbalances In bodily fluids
Who argued societies invent the concept of mental Illness so they can control people whose unusual patterns of function upset or threaten the social order?
Thomas Sazazs
What is the role of clinical practitioners?
Gathering systematic information so they can describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of their study
Which viewpoint dominates the clinical field as the psychoanalytical perspective did?
Cognitive
The most prominent forerunner to the modern community mental health program was at gheel where is gheel located?
Belgium
What is one of the traits eccentric people exibit?
They have fewer emotional problems then the general population
Who was the French physician associated with asylum reform at La bicetre?
Philippe pineal
What is the dominate form of insurance coverage for mental hearth patients?
Managed care
When was the federal parity law requiring insurance companies to provide equal coverage for medical and mental problems enacted?
2011
What is the area of psychology concerned with the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits and abilities?
Positive psychology
What perspective view views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological?
Psychogenic
What percentage of current psychology graduate students are female?
72%
What was the dance in the Middle Ages people used to rid themselves of resulting symptoms of a wolf spider bite called?
Tarantella
What is the main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist
Psychiatrists are trained medical doctors who can provide therapy, a psychologist is not a medical doctor but they can provide therapy
Clinical practitioners seek what type of understanding of abnormal behavior?
Idiographic understanding
Clinical researchers look for what type of truths about the causes and treatments if abnormality?
Nomothetic
If a research study concludes that the less coffee you drink the less aniexty you experience, the researchers most likely used what type of method?
The correlational method
If a research study concludes that the more activities you participate in , the less likely you are to be depressed the conclusion would be expressed as what?
A negative correlation
If there is less then a 5% probability that a study’s findings are due to chance, the findings are said to be what?
Statistically significant
Studies that reveal the incidence and prevalence of s disorder in a particular population are known as what?
Epidemiological studies
What is the name of the effect that describes a researcher unintentionally transmitting his or her expectations about the outcome of the research to a research subject?
The Rosenthal effect
What is the rule of correlations?
The closer to - + 1.0 the stronger the correlational relationship is.
When the findings of research can be generalized to people beyond the immediate study, the investigation is said to have what?
External validity
Researchers investigating a rare disorder that affects only a few subjects would most likely use what type of research design?
Single subject experimental
What type of study involves both the experimenter and the participant from knowing who the control is?
Double blind
What is the biggest limitation of correlational research?
It does not allow conclusions about cause and effect relationships
If you want to compare a subject with him/herself under different conditions rather than comparing him/her to control subjects what design might you want to use?
Abab
If a research subject is given drugs designed to intensify her symptoms, she is participating in what type of study?
Symptom exacerbation.
For the first half of the twentieth century the cause of schizophrenia was thought to be caused by what?
In appropriate parenting.
When researchers wish to observe the same subjects on many occasions over a long period of time they use what type of study?
Longitudinal study
What symbol is the correlational coefficient?
R
Researchers would most likely use what type of research design in order to compare children who have a history of child abuse with those who don’t?
Epidemiological
What variable is manipulated in an experiment I order to determine if it has an effect on another variable?
The independent variable
An imitation treatment that looks or tastes like the real therapy but has one of the key ingredients is referred to as what?
A placebo
The genain sisters all developed what in their early twenties ?
Schizophrenia
Correlational studies of many pairs of twins have suggested a link between what factors and certain psychological disorders?
Genetic
What are most informed consent forms for clinical research written at?
A high school level
Patients are given an experimental drug to see if it reduces their symptoms, this is what type of study?
A new drug study
What type of study design has subjects unaware of as to whether they are assigned to an experimental group or control group?
A blind design
Which facet of of experimental research is missing in a quasi-experimental design?
A random assignment
What type of medication study may be used to determine how and when patients can be taken off particular medications?
A Withdrawal study.
What is the percentage of respondents that said they can accept animal research as long as it’s conducted fir medical purpose ?
75%
What would a perfect correlational relationship between variables be expressed as?
1.00
Who developed gestalt therapy?
Frederick fritz peris
According to Carl Rogers a who did not receive unconditional positive regard in early life is likely to develope what disorder?
Conditions of worth
Cognitive therapists guide clients to challenge their own dysfunction what?
Thoughts
Before the 1950s who only offered psychotherapy ?
Psychiatrist
What German physician was the first to specialize in mental illness and now is considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology?
Johann Weyer
What is the job of a clinical scientist ?
To gather information systematically to describe, predict, and explain the phenomenon they study
When an unusual problem does not occur often enough to permit a large number of observations what might be the best way to study it?
Case study
In science the perspectives used to explain phenomena are referred to as what?
Paradigms
What type of theorists believe that people are mainly motivated by a need to have a relationship with others and that severe problems in relationships between children’s and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development?
Object relation theorists
What Paradigm of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought to be they of the teacher?
The behavioral model
What is the oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models?
Psychodynamic model
According to Freud the I’d operates with what principle?
The pleasure principle
What is the main difference between group therapy and a self help group?
Group therapy has a trained therapist
What is the basic premise of family therapy?
The whole is seen as the unit of treatment
Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patient whose reactions and beliefs should be included in therapy?
Relational psycho analytic therapy
Albert Bandura argued they in order to feel happy and function effectively , people must develop a sense of what?
Self efficacy
What type of prevention seeks to provide effective treatment as soon as it’s needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long term problems ?
Secondary prevention
What part of the brain helps to regulate emotions and memory?
The Hippocampus
What is not a current major model of mental abnormality?
Evolutionary
What concern does cyber therapy not raise?
Confidentiality
According to Freud what is the psychological force that represents a persons conscious?
Super ego
What is systematic desensitization?
A behavioral treatment where a patient is exposed to a contributor of their phobia and gradually learn to react calmly
What therapy suggests people have to own up to their being and give meaning to their live?
Existential therapy
When was psychotropic medicine developed?
1950
When a 3 year old boy fell into a gorilla exhibit in 1996 what stumped clinical theorists?
A 160 pound gorilla protected the boy carried him and delivered him to rescue workers
What psychological model suggests human beings are driven to self-actualize or fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth?
The humanistic model
Some research has suggested ————-has been linked to exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth?
Schizophrenia
What type of assessment would be used to assess unconscious drives and conflicts may be at the root of abnormal functioning?
Projective
A diagnostic tool that helps clinicians predict future symptoms or events has what type of validity?
Predictive
A mental status exam is a component of what ?
Structured interview
A persons Iq is initially represented the ratio of what ?
A persons mental age divided chronological age
What type of assessment asks people to respond to pictures by telling a story?
A thematic appreciation test
How many disorders does the DSM-5 list?
400
What is true about about the term nervous breakdown?
It is not a clinical term, it’s used by patients
What would a personality disorder first be recorded as in the DSM-5
A diagnosis
The —– movement has tried to identify a set of common strategies that are present in the work of all effective therapists regardless of the clinicians particular orientation ?
Rapprochement
What type of scan produces a computerized motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain?
A pet scan
The polygraph is a form of what test?
Psychophysiiological
What are the three important criteria of assessments ?
Standardization, reliability, validity
What type of scan is a brain imaging technique that uses certain properties of hydrogen atoms to create a detailed picture of the brains structure and activity?
A Mri scan
A clinician who is observing parent child interactions in a home is conducting what type of observation?
A naturalistic observation
The details and background of a clients problem is called what?
Idiographic data
What is established information About the nature and treatment of a particular illness called ?
Nomothetic data
What is the collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion referred to?
An assessment
An assessment tool shows high —— reliability of different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it?
Interatter
Penis retreat and withdrawal is referred to as what?
Koro
What illness once common to Algonquin Indian hunters was marked by cannibalism?
Windingo
When was the DSM-5 workforce formed in?
2006
What widely used neuropsychological test consists of 9 cards each displaying a simple design that subjects are asked to first copy on a peice of paper and then redraw from memory?
Bender visual motor gestalt test
Out of 100 true statements how many are incorrectly identified as false on a polygraph test?
8
A cluster of symptoms that occur together are known as what?
A syndrome
How many clinical scales are found on the mmpi / MMPI-2
10 scales
According to the meta analysis of treatment studies the average persons who received treatment was better off than how much percent than the untreated control group?
75%
If an assessment tool Yields the same results every time it is given to the same people it has what?
Text retest reliability
What people are most likely to have been in therapy at some point in their lives?
Highly educated Middle Aged women from western states
Intelligence tests can play a key role in the diagnosis of what?
Intellectual developmental disorder
What is the single most effective therapy for schizophrenia?
Drug therapy
Before being appointed to the Dsm 5 task force and work group clinical researchers were required to pledge their total annual income from pharmaceutical companies to how much?
10000
What percentage of people in the United States will qualify for a Dsm diagnosis at some point in their lives?
50%
What is a psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medication called?
A psychopharmacologist
How many different forms of therapy are practiced in the clinical field?
400
What type of test has been set up with common steps to be followed whenever it’s administered ?
A standardized text
What type of test requires a subject to look at one inkblot card at a time and tell what they see in the image?
Rorschach test
What type of experiment is mist likely to us animals as subjects to learn more about humdinger beings
Analogue
What type of truth do clinical researchers look for in understanding abnormality?
Nomothetic
Consent forms are written at what educational level ?
College
What theorists believe that people are motivated by a need to have relationShips with others and that severe problems in the relationships between children and their caregivers may bet lead to abnormal development?
Object relations
What paradigm of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought yo be that of the Teacher
Behavioral model
What is the most reported psychological difficulty expressed by the Native American population?
Extreme sadness
Huntintons disease has been traced to a loss in which part of the brain?
The Basil ganglia
Who established gestalt therapy?
Frederick peris
According to comers textbook what is not described as being part of the cerebrum ?
Hypothalamus
The validity of clinical observation may be limited by a clients what?
Reactivity of being observed
