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CSD 361 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Toddlerhood spans approximately__________ years of age

A

1.5 – 2.5

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2
Q

Anticipatory set:

A

Ready, set…. (Wait for the child to say “go”)

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3
Q

On average, early intentional communication develops around ________________ of age.

A

8-10 months

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4
Q

Categorical Model: disadvantages

A 
■ Causal link is hard to establish 
■ Some children don’t fit 
■ Skills differ among dx 
■ Knowing label does not help plan
intervention
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5
Q

At around ______________ the baby begins to demonstrate he/she knows he/she can influence other people’s behaviors.

A

9 months

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6
Q

Systems Model:

A
  • Emphasizes child’s interaction with the environment.

- Modify the environment to allow child to function at most optimal level.

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7
Q

Define communication:

A

The act of using words, sounds, signs of behaviors to express or exchange information.

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8
Q

Joint attention develops at around what age?

A

9 Months

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9
Q

Multidisciplinary teams:(“many” disciplines)

A

Everyone does independent assessment, reports separately to parent/guardian.

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10
Q

Categorical Model: advantages

A

■ Access to services
■ Understandable & easy
■ Highlights differences

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11
Q

4 reasons why you would conduct an assessment:

A
  1. Identification: Screen to see if there is a problem
  2. Establish a baseline function
  3. Establish goals for intervention
  4. Measure change in intervention
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12
Q

What is a traditional assessment?

A
  1. conventional and norm-reference testing procedures.
  2. Decontextualized settings
  3. Narrow responses to standardized objects and procedures?
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13
Q

What is Tier 3 of the Rtl model?

A

Tertiary prevention = reduce harm

  • Comprehensive evaluation
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14
Q

What is the “naturalist” perspective?

A

Impairment is characterized as a deviation from the average level of ability achieved by a similar group of people.

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15
Q

What is the pull-out method?

A

The child is being taken out of the natural environment in order to receive services

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16
Q

Two word phrases happens -

A

months

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17
Q

What is a “Vocabulary Burst”?

A

A period of rapid semantic growth at 18 months.

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18
Q

Give 3 examples of a Clinician Directed approach:

A
  1. Drill
  2. Drill Play
  3. Direct teaching
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19
Q

What is Maintenance?

A

To keep an immature system intact so that it is abel to reach it’s full development at a later stage.

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20
Q

What do we assess in emerging language?

A
  1. Play and gestures
  2. Communication/ language
    - intent
    - comprehension
    - expression
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21
Q

Use the Hybrid Model of intervention:

A

When the child:

  • Resistent to prompts
  • Not motivated by social interactions
  • Takes a long time to make decisions
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22
Q

D-D Model: advantages?

A

■ Complete detailed assessment
■ Cause is not important
■ Grounded in typical development

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23
Q

What is the push-in method?

A

The services are (planned to be) provided directly within naturally occurring situations for the child.

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24
Q

What assessment type uses the Test-Teach-Retest Method?

A

Dynamic Assessment

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25
Q

What is Tier 2 of the Rtl model?

A

Secondary prevention = reverse harm

  • Progress monitoring
  • Language Sample
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26
Q

What are you primarily assessing when you play with a child and say “Look, I found a ….” and pause while holding an object.

A

Expressive semantics

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27
Q

A child shows _______ communicative acts per minute by ____________.

A

5-7

24 months

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28
Q

What is an interdisciplinary team model?

A
  • The child is assessed by several different specialists.

- The SLP compiles the reports and summarizes the findings when they meet with the child’s parents.

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29
Q

Three questions of assessment:

A
  1. Why are you assessing?
  2. What are you assessing?
  3. How are you going to assess?
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30
Q

Guiding question 2:

A

When did the problem begin, or has the child always had it? Was the onset sudden or gradual?

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31
Q

What is Behavior Regulation?

A

To request actions or objects.

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32
Q

When do we begin to see 2 word utterances?

A

18 months

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33
Q

What is the “normative” perspective?

A

Language disorders are diagnosed if it interferes with a child’s ability to meet societal expectations now or in the future.

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34
Q

With Interdisciplinary teams:

A

Everyone does an independent assessment, reports to the case coordinator who presents it to the parent.

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35
Q

The child is assessed by several different specialists. The SLP compiles the reports and summarizes the findings when they meet with the child’s parents. This is a _____________ team model.

A

Interdisciplinary

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36
Q

What is Elicited Production?

A

When we are tempting the child to say particular thing by setting up a context in which the target would would be an appropriate remark.

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37
Q

Expressive semantics:

A

“Look, I found a ….” and pause while holding an object. to get the child to say the word.

38
Q

What are the service delivery models?

A
  1. Direct vs Indirect

2. Pull-out vs. Push in

39
Q

When a child can demonstrate more skill when provided support, this is considered the:

A

Zone of Proximal Development

40
Q
  • Observing the child’s behavior
  • Making comments and modeling based on what the child does
  • No pre-planned structure
A

Child centered intervention

41
Q

What is Social Interaction?

A

To maintain a social channel

42
Q

Which method of changing behavior is used when we perceive that a behavior would decrease or disappear without intervention?

A

Maintenance

43
Q

Transdisciplinary (“cross” disciplines)

A

There may be come overlap in terms of what each person is doing.

44
Q

Why are standardized tests difficult to use with culturally and linguistically diverse children?

A
  1. Norming sample may not be representative.

2. Stimuli may discriminate

45
Q

Guiding question #4

A

How does the social environment interact with the child’s problem?

46
Q

Syntax, morphology, and phonology all fall under what aspect of language?

A

Form

47
Q

What is Structural Analysis?

A

Trying to make sense of the communication the child produces spontaneously to find out what structures, forms, and functions a child uses and what contexts influence their use.

48
Q

When the child:

  • Resistent to prompts
  • Not motivated by social interactions
  • Takes a long time to make decisions
A

Use the Hybrid Model of intervention:

49
Q

3 steps in planning an assessment

A
  1. Figure out age expectations
  2. Determine areas to assess
  3. Have a reason
50
Q

Behavior Observation is when:

A

You record the frequency and the context in the which the child communicates.

51
Q

What are 4 communication skills you can develop in prelinguistic babies?

A
  1. Joint Attention
  2. Imitation
  3. Turn-Taking
  4. Anticipatory Set
52
Q

Cody was born deaf. He gets implants. What type of intervention does this reflect?

A

Changing the underlying problem.

53
Q

Once a week, you go to the client’s daycare and meet with the daycare provider to review how the provider will work with the client. What model of service is this?

A

Indirect, push-in. Consultative.

54
Q

When a child calls all animals “cats” which domain of language is affected?

A

Semantics

55
Q

Cognitive referencing is no longer valid. Use __________ as a benchmark.

A

Chronological Age

56
Q

What areas do you assess in Intervention?

A
  1. Communication
  2. Language
    - Comprehension
    - Production
  3. Collateral areas
    - hearing, oral motor functioning and structure, nonverbal cognition, social functioning
57
Q

What are the 3 ways of changing language behavior?

A
  1. Facilitation
  2. Maintenance
  3. Induction
58
Q

Give 2 examples of a Child centered approach:

A
  1. Daily activities

2. Facilitative play

59
Q

How do we assess production?

A
  1. Elicited Imitation
  2. Elicited Production
  3. Structural Analysis
60
Q

What is the categorical model?

A

Assumes the causal relationship between diagnosis and language.

Ex: your some has autism, that’s why he communicates that way.

61
Q

What are we looking for in a Dynamic Assessment?

A
  1. How the child approaches tasks
  2. The degree to which the child’s behavior is modifiable through intervention
  3. The best intervention style to promote change
62
Q

What is Joint Attention?

A

to share attention to something interesting

63
Q

What purpose of intervention would be achieved when you teach sign language to a child with low intelligibility?

A

Teaching compensatory strategy

64
Q

Child centered intervention

A
  • Observing the child’s behavior
  • Making comments and modeling based on what the child does
  • No pre-planned structure
65
Q

Explain: Zone of Proximal Development

A

Child can demonstrate more skill when provided support.

66
Q

How do we assess pragmatics?

A

Informal assessments, play

67
Q

When is a Descriptive-Developmental model appropriate?

A
  • When the child is not progressing at the expected rate for their age group.
68
Q

Guiding question for planning #1:

A
  1. What is the problem in medical terms?
69
Q

Guiding question 3:

A

Does the problem vary in severity, getting worse at sometimes while with some people and better with others, or is it always about the same?

70
Q

Give 2 examples of a Hybrid approach:

A
  1. Milieu teaching

2. Scripting

71
Q

What is Elicited Imitation?

A

When we ask the child to repeat what we say.

72
Q

What are Behavioral Observations?

A

When you are concerned with describing a particular performance in a particular area.

73
Q

A child learns 9 new words a day

A

after 15-18 months

74
Q

What is Induction?

A

Means, without intervention, the outcome will not be achieved.

75
Q

What are the 5 domains of language

A
  1. Pragmatics
  2. Semantics
  3. Syntax
  4. Morphology
  5. Phonology
76
Q

You are observing a toddler’s communicative functions. What are you going to describe?

A
  1. What function he uses
  2. How frequently he uses
  3. And the forms of communication

Function, Frequency, and Form

77
Q

What is Tier 1 of the Rtl model?

A
  • Primary Prevention: Prevent harm

- Screening, Formal & informal

78
Q

D-D Model: disadvantages?

A

■ Assessment can be time consuming

■ Labels may be needed for services

79
Q

Why is it difficult to assess language comprehension?

A

Comprehension is not directly observable.

80
Q

What is Facilitation?

A

Accelerated growth or learning. It helps children to achieve milestones sooner, but does not necessarily mean they achieve higher levels of language function.

81
Q

What are the 3 aspects of language?

A
  1. Form
  2. Content
  3. Use
82
Q

How do we assess emerging language?

A
  1. interview
  2. Formal instruments
  3. Informal instruments (play)
83
Q

What are the 5 domains of language

A
  1. Pragmatics
  2. Semantics
  3. Syntax
  4. Morphology
  5. Phonology
84
Q

What type of assessment do you use to identify a disorder?

A

Standardized Assessment

85
Q

What assessment method are you using when you record the frequency and context with which a child communicates?

A

Behavioral Observation

86
Q

From ____________, babies primarily use gestures and vocalizations

A

9-15 months

87
Q

What is the most important aspect of Behavioral Observation?

A

Carefully defining the behavior or behaviors you want to observe.

88
Q

What are the goals of Intervention?

A
  1. To Eliminate or change the underlying problem
  2. To change the disorder by teaching specific behaviors.
  3. Teaching compensatory strategies, helping them function better with the deficits they have.
89
Q

The 3 reasons babies communicate:

A
  1. Behavior Regulation
  2. Social Interaction
  3. Joint Attention
90
Q

What does IFSP stand for?

A

Individual Family Service Plan

CSD 361 (4 decks)

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