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Lifespan Development > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Researchers who use intellectual (IQ) testing as part of their research project with elementary-age students are likely to be researching __________ development.

A

Cognitive

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2
Q

A __________ is a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested.

A

hypothesis

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3
Q

Biological and environmental factors that are associated with a certain historical event, such as the bombing of Pearl Harbor, can be considered __________.

A

history-graded influences

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4
Q

Environmental influences that shape behavior are referred to as __________.

A

nurture

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5
Q

In a study of the behavioral adjustment of a group of children placed in foster care, the children were assessed once a year over a period of 10 years. This is an example of a __________ study.

A

longitudinal

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6
Q

__________ research is designed to discover causal relationships between various factors.

A

Experimental

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7
Q

A correlational study can conclude that the viewing of television aggression causes more aggressive behavior in children. T/F

A

false

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8
Q

What technique ensures that personal characteristics that might affect the outcome of the experiment are divided proportionally among the participants in the different groups, making groups equivalent?

A

Random Assignment

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9
Q

What is the type of research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time?

A

Cross-sectional

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10
Q

Lifespan developmentalists typically look at which of the following areas?

A

a particular age range

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11
Q

In an experiment in which researchers manipulate the __________, the variable that the researchers measure to see whether it changes is the __________.

A

independent variable; dependent variable

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12
Q

Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages, is called __________ change.

A

discontinuous

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13
Q

Researchers who are interested in the relationship between televised aggression and subsequent behavior have found that children who watch a good deal of televised aggression (murders, crime shows, shootings, etc.) tend to be more aggressive than those who watch little of this type of television programming. This is an example of a(n) ____________ study.

A

correlational

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14
Q

What is the observation of a naturally occurring behavior, without intervention in the situation?

A

Naturalistic observation

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15
Q

A shared notion of reality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at a given time is/are called __________.

A

social construction

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16
Q

Developmentalists reject the notion that behavior is the sole result of either nature or nurture. T/F

A

True

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17
Q

Using a real-world setting for an experiment is the hallmark of a(n) __________.

A

Field Study

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18
Q

Researchers conduct an experiment in which one group is exposed to Treatment A and the other group is exposed to Treatment B. The different treatments are the __________.

A

independent variable

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19
Q

Researchers in the early learning department of a university are conducting a long-term study to see how problem-solving skills change over time as school-age students move from elementary school to high school to college. What type of development are the researchers most likely studying?

A

Cognitive

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20
Q

What issue has dominated much work in lifespan development?

A

How much of people’s behavior is due to their genetically determined nature and how much is due to nurture?

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21
Q

__________ research is designed to discover causal relationships between various factors.

A

Experimental

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22
Q

What kind of research investigation is conducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to hold events constant?

A

Laboratory Study

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23
Q

The group of participants chosen to receive the independent variable is called a(n) __________.

A

experimental group

24
Q

In order to learn about children’s toy preferences, researchers interview children at a local preschool and base their inferences on the children’s responses. This is an example of __________ research.

A

Survey

25
Q

The 23rd pair of chromosomes in males contains the __________- shaped chromosome.

A

XY

26
Q

A conduit between the mother and fetus, this organ provides nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord.

A

Placenta

27
Q

What is the name of the period from two to eight weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems?

A

Embryonic Stage

28
Q

What is the basic unit of genetic information?

A

gene

29
Q

What is the name of the new cell formed by the process of fertilization?

A

Zygote

30
Q

The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism is called __________.

A

a genotype

31
Q

Jose has an extra chromosome on the 21st pair of chromosomes. The disorder was once referred to as mongolism. This will cause him to have __________.

A

Down Syndrome

32
Q

Researchers believe that some __________ of all pregnancies end in miscarriage, usually in the first several months of pregnancy.

A

15-20%

33
Q

An observable trait—a trait that is actually seen—is labeled __________.

A

a phenotype

34
Q

Twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time are called __________ twins.

A

dizygotic

35
Q

What is the term for the process of fertilization in which a man’s sperm is placed directly into a woman’s reproductive tract by a physician?

A

Artificial Insemination

36
Q

Multiple births have __________ in the last 25 years due to fertility drugs and the rising average age of mothers giving birth.

A

increased

37
Q

In the embryonic stage, what is the term for the outer layer that will form skin, hair, teeth, sense organs, the brain, and the spinal cord?

A

Ectoderm

38
Q

Older mothers are considerably more likely to give birth to children with __________.

A

Down Syndrome

39
Q

Which procedure uses very-high-frequency sound waves to detect structural abnormalities or multiple pregnancies, measure fetal growth, judge gestational age, and evaluate uterine abnormalities?

A

Ultrasound sonography

40
Q

One of the highlights of the __________ stage is the development of the major organs and basic anatomy.

A

embryonic

41
Q

During the germinal stage, the fertilized egg is now called a(n) __________, and travels toward the uterus, where it becomes implanted in the uterus’s wall.

A

blastocyst

42
Q

In __________ inheritance, a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait.

A

Polygenic

43
Q

Research indicates that fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is now the primary preventable cause of mental retardation. T/F

A

True

44
Q

Infertility is __________ correlated with age.

A

positively

45
Q

________ twins are no more genetically similar than two siblings born at different times.

A

dizygotic

46
Q

In the embryonic stage, what is the term for the inner layer that produces the digestive system, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system?

A

endoderm

47
Q

The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present is called __________.

A

dominant

48
Q

What is the term for the procedure in which a woman’s ova are removed from her ovaries and a man’s sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory?

A

In vitro fertilization (IVF

49
Q

The __________ chromosomes in the new zygote contain the genetic blueprint that will guide cell activity for the rest of the individual’s life.

A

46

50
Q

In the embryonic stage, what is the term for the layer that forms the muscles, bones, blood, and circulatory system?

A

mesoderm

51
Q

What is the name of the inherited disorder in which a child is unable to make use of an essential amino acid present in proteins found in milk and other foods and that has the potential to cause brain damage and mental retardation?

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

52
Q

What is the name of the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs?

A

chromosomes

53
Q

Alice’s symptoms of menopause include hot flashes and cessation of her monthly menstrual cycle. Alice’s doctor tells her she is experiencing a(n) __________.

A

age-graded influence

54
Q

Broad, organized explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest are called __________ and provide a framework for understanding the relationships among an unorganized set of facts or principles.

A

theories

55
Q

A group of people who are born around the same time in the same place is called a(n) __________.

A

cohort

Lifespan Development (7 decks)

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