Exam 1

Question 1

What is it called when water on the Earth’s surface moves from reservoir to reservoir?

Answer 1

They Hydrologic Cycle

Question 2

Which reservoir has the smallest residence time?

Answer 2

Atmosphere (water vapor)

Question 3

Which reservoir has the second smallest residence time?

Answer 3

Biosphere (living tissues)

Question 4

What is the reservoir with surface water such as oceans and lakes?

Answer 4

Hydrosphere

Question 5

What is the reservoir with glacial ice?

Answer 5

Cryosphere

Question 6

What is the reservoir with the greatest residence time?

Answer 6

Lithosphere (ground water)

Question 7

An example of a divergent plate boundary is

Answer 7

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 8

An example of a convergent plate boundary is

Answer 8

The Marianas Trench

Question 9

The history of the changing shape of the ocean basins is recorded in the magnetic patterns in the rock of the ocean floor. This is because

Answer 9

The rocks get older with increasing distance from the mid-ocean ridges

Question 10

The lithospheric plates move because

Answer 10

convection cells in the asthenosphere, created by heat from the core, make a “ridge push”; the cooling slabs sink back into the asthenosphere, as “slab pull”

Question 11

What are the deepest parts of the oceans?

Answer 11

trenches

Question 12

What are the faults crossing the mid-ocean ridges called?

Answer 12

Fracture zones

Question 13

What are the remains of micro-organisms called?

Answer 13

ooze

Question 14

What occurs in hydrothermal vents on mid-ocean ridges?

Answer 14

chemosynthesis

Question 15

What is a submerged, flat-topped extinct volcano called?

Answer 15

guyot

Question 16

What is the submerged edge of the continent called?

Answer 16

Continental shelf

Question 17

What drives lithospheric plate motions?

Answer 17

Convection currents

Question 18

What is the ATM of Venus?

Answer 18

90

Question 19

What is the ATM of Earth?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

What is the ATM of Mars?

Answer 20

0.01

Question 21

What does the temp range from for Venus?

Answer 21

300-400 C

Question 22

What does the temp range from for Earth?

Answer 22

-60-100 C

Question 23

What does the temp range from for Mars?

Answer 23

-200-20 C

Question 24

Which planet has no surface water and is made of volcanoes?

Answer 24

Venus

Question 25

Which planet has no surface water and has ice caps in the spring?

Answer 25

Mars

Question 26

What is the escape velocity of Venus?

Answer 26

6 mi/sec

Question 27

What is the escape velocity of Mars?

Answer 27

4 mi/sec

Question 28

What is the escape velocity of Earth?

Answer 28

7 mi/sec

Question 29

How fast do Hydrogen molecules travel?

Answer 29

4 mi/sec

Question 30

How fast do oxygen molecules travel?

Answer 30

2 mi/sec

Question 31

What can escape from Earth?

Answer 31

Hydrogen, not Oxygen

Question 32

What does acoustic bathymetry entail?

Answer 32

Asound pulse is sent to the seafloor Measure time needed for the echo to be received This time is related to the distance to the seafloor

Question 33

What are isolated volcanic peaks that rise at least 1,000 feet above the sea floor?

Answer 33

Seamounts

Question 34

What is terrigenous sediment?

Answer 34

sediment coming from the continents/islands

Question 35

What is biogenic sediment?

Answer 35

organically produced material, like shell material, made by organisms

Question 36

Dissolved minerals present in seawater chemically react to form solids is what?

Answer 36

Authigenic

Question 37

Material from outer space, dust and small particles, like tektites, reaching Earth from space is what?

Answer 37

Cosmogenic

Question 38

What is the continental crust made up of?

Answer 38

Mostly granite

Question 39

What is the oceanic crust made up of?

Answer 39

Mostly basalt

Question 40

What is the mantle made up of?

Answer 40

a dense rock containing lots of silicon, oxygen, iron, magnesium

Question 41

What is the core made up of?

Answer 41

Iron

Question 42

What is the lithosphere made of?

Answer 42

Crust and upper mantle

Question 43

What layer of the earth is rigid and brittle?

Answer 43

Lithosphere

Question 44

What layer of the earth is soft, plastic, and able to flow?

Answer 44

Asthenosphere

Question 45

What is the lower mantle called?

Answer 45

Mesosphere

Question 46

What are examples of trenches?

Answer 46

Andes Mountain Chain, Peru-Chile Trench

Question 47

When plates pull apart, what type of boundary is it?

Answer 47

Divergent

Question 48

When plates collide, what type of boundary is it?

Answer 48

Convergent

Question 49

What way does a transform fault move?

Answer 49

side-to-side

Question 50

Our magnetic field is currently oriented towards ______, which we call _____.

Answer 50

magnetic north, normal

Question 51

In the past, the magnetic field has flipped to _____, which we call _____.

Answer 51

magnetic south, reversed

Question 52

What is the speed of the creation of the ocean floor measured in?

Answer 52

cm/year