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Immuno > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Emperor Kangxi

A

survives smallpox and mandates variolation in China

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2
Q

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

A

Brings Variolation to England

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3
Q

Cotton Mather (with Dr. Boylston)

A

Variolated people in America. Knock on doors and run method.

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4
Q

Thucydides

A

Greek who differed between innate resistance and acquired adaptive immunity

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5
Q

Muhammad Ibn Zakariyá Rázï

A

Observed specific protection against different diseases (smallpox vs measles)

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6
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Hypothesized that cowpox inoculation (vaccination) could protect from smallpox

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7
Q

Benjamin Waterhouse

A

Vaccinates children against smallpox and encourages President to initiate public vaccinate programs.

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8
Q

President Thomas Jefferson

A

Implemented public vaccination programs

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9
Q

Ludwig Panum

A

Observed measles outbreak on remote island and saw that immunity was lifelong

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10
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Develops vaccines for cholera, anthrax, and rabies. Discredits spontaneous generation theory of life and identifies that microorganisms cause specific diseases

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11
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

Coined term antibodies. Found that mice injected with toxins develop immunity. Resistance is transferred via breast milk. Differentially stained WBC to distinguish leukocytes from lymphocytes.

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12
Q

Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaboro

A

invented DTap and showed that immunity could be transferred from host in serum.

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13
Q

Ilya Mechnikoc

A

Proposes cells are basis for immunity. Saw WBC engulfing bacteria

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14
Q

Michael Heidelberger and Oswald Avery

A

Antibodies aer soluble proteins that could distinguish between diff pollysaccharides on different bacteria

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15
Q

Niels Jerne, MacFarland Burnet, and David Talmage

A

Independly proposes Clonal Selection Hypothesis: Each immmune cells has a unique receptor that is specific for a different pathogen.

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16
Q

James Gowans

A

Showed that lymphocytes recirculate between blood and lymph via thoracic duct. Also lymphocytes provide adaptive immunity.

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17
Q

Bruce Glick, Robert Good, Max Cooper

A

B cells or from Bursa of Fabricus in chickens. T cells still develop without bursa of fabricus but not present in thymectomized chickens

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18
Q

Graham Mitchell and Jacque Miller

A

Bone marrow cells could restor resistance to salmonella infection in radiated mice. Bone marrow could restore graph rejection but not if mice were thymectomized.

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19
Q

Cristiane Nusselein-Volhard

A

Toll proteins direct embryonic cell differentiation

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20
Q

Jules Hoffman

A

Different Toll genes cenferred resistance to fungi vs. bacteria

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21
Q

Ruslan Medshitov and Charles Janeway

A

TLR4 induced inflammatory cytokines in human cells.

22
Q

Shizuo Akira

A

RIG-1 protein bound to dsRNA and triggered inflammatory response

23
Q

Michael Gale Jr.

A

Showed that RIG-1 protein made cells resistant to viral infection.

24
Q

Dana Philpott

A

NOD1 and NOD2 proteins recognize bacterial peptidoglycans

25
Q

Gabriel Nunez

A

Showed that NALP3 recognizes peptidoglycans

26
Q

Hans Buchner

A

observed that serum could kill bacteria, even if it had not anitbodies

27
Q

Jules Bordet

A

Discovered heat-sensitive component of serum could lyse bacteria. Heat insensitive component (antibodies) could enhance this activity (classical pathway).

28
Q

TLR 1/2 Combo

A

Recognizes triacyl lipoproteins (gram + bacteria)

29
Q

TLR 6/2 combo

A

Recognizes diacyl lipoproteins

30
Q

TLR 3

A

Recognizes doubles stranded RNA

31
Q

TLR 4 (w/MD-2)

A

Recognizes Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (bacteris)

32
Q

TLR 5

A

recognizes flagellin

33
Q

TLR 6

A

Recognizes lipoeptides (mycoplasma)

34
Q

TLR 7 & 8

A

Recognizes ssRNA (both)

35
Q

TLR 9

A

Recognizes CpG motics in dsDNA

36
Q

TLR 10

A

Recognizes UNKNOWN. Mystery TLR

37
Q

TLR 11 & TLR 12

A

recognize profilin (toxoplasma)

38
Q

TLR 13

A

recognizes ribosomal RNA

39
Q

Humans have how many TLR?

A

The first 10 only

40
Q

Through what pathway do most TLR signal?

A

Through the MyD88 protein.

41
Q

PAMP

A

Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern. Structure on Microbe that we will recongnize. Usually something hard for Microbe to change.

42
Q

PRR

A

Pattern Recognition Receptor. Receptor on cells that will recognize the PAMP

43
Q

Scavenger Receptor

A

Type of PRR for polysaccharides and lipoproteins. Mostly eats. Needs help to trigger response. Expressed outside and inside cell.

44
Q

Lectins

A

Type of PRR that recognizes polysaccharides of cell walls. Also eats and needs help to trigger signal. Mostly used for cell to cell contact and signalling. Phone operator.

45
Q

Toll Like Receptors (TLR)

A

Type of PRR that triggers response guarenteed. Recognizes stuff of microbes.

46
Q

RIG-I Receptors (RLR)

A

Type of PRR that is better for viruses. Recognizes nucleic acids from virus.

47
Q

NOD Like Receptors

A

Type of PRR that recognizes intracellular imbalances due to infection.

48
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TFN)

A

Cytokine produced by TLR signalthat causes inflammation, cell recruitment and cell death

49
Q

Interleuking 12 (Il-12)

A

response to extracellular pathogens, inflammation, initiate adaptive response

50
Q

Type I Interferons (IFN-I)

A

response for intracellular pathogens, iniditation of adaptinve response

51
Q

Interleukin 6 (Il-6)

A

acts on hypothalamus to increase body temp.

Immuno (4 decks)

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