Exam 1

Question 1

Empirical Relationships

Answer 1

Established when respondents answers to one question help us predict how they will answer other questions.

Question 2

Does the following question represent a bi-variate relationship?
How do the population of Asians affect the annual rate of car accidents?

Answer 2

Yes.
The question represents the analysis of a bi variate relationship because it includes TWO VARIABLES in which one questions the other.
“how does ‘a’ affect ‘b’?”

“BI” variate

Question 3

Does the following question represent a multi-variate relationship?

How do Asians and black people affect the annual car accident rate?

Answer 3

Yes.
The question is analyzing a multivariate relationship because it includes more than two variables that question each other.

“how does ‘a’ and ‘b’ affect ‘c’?”

“MULTI” variate

Question 4

How five steps should you take in dealing with missing data?

Answer 4

1 Analysis of missing data to interpret meaning
2 Exclusion
3 Treat as one of the variable responses
4 Assign middle value or mean value
5 Assign values to the proportion of values scored

Question 5

why was quota sampling ineffective?

Answer 5

Looking at parts of the country and deciding percentages of quotas for sampling per area based on outdated population information from previous years
→ The election was in early Nov, and these month-old results are outdated and inaccurate

Question 6

Indexes

Answer 6

A certain method of gaining information through surveys in which several items are considered and the variables are either associated with them or not. [i.e. “yes or no questions”]

Question 7

Scales

Answer 7

A set of items that are continuous that rate the intensity of the respondent’s feelings toward a certain index.

EX: If an index asks do you like basketball, the scale would look like this:
If you say you are interested in basketball, then would you:
1) Pick-up game
2) League game
3) Watched pick-up game
4) Watched league game
5) Watched game on TV

Question 8

Commonalities

Answer 8

Both are ordinal, and both are composite measures

Question 9

Composite commonalities

Answer 9

Multiple composites are put together to create the “concept”

Question 10

Index Validation and scale validation

Answer 10

collaborate

Question 11

Bogardus Social Distance Scale

Answer 11

A measurement technique for determining people’s willingness to participate in “commonly threatening” social relations–of varying degrees of closeness–with other kinds of people.
○ “The akward test”
○ Ex. Sex offender in a neighborhood

Question 12

Thurstone Scale

Answer 12

A type of composite measure constructed in accord with the weights assigned by “judges” to various indicators of some variables.
○ “Judging on a continuous basis”
○ Ex. How much a student’s GPR determines the amount of time they spend

Question 13

Likert Scale (most common)

Answer 13

A type of composite measure designed to improve the levels in measurement in social research through the use of standardized responses characterized to determine relative intensity of related items
○ Ex. On a scale of 1-5, “agree” or “disagree” to the statement “I dislike my mother”

Question 14

Semantic Differential

Answer 14

A questionnaire format in which the respondent is asked to rate something in terms of two opposite adjectives.
○ “The hot or not scale”
○ Ex. In terms of “enjoyable,” “expensiveness,” “complicated,” etc., rate your Friday night—choices for each subcategory range from “somewhat” to “extremely”

Question 15

Guttman Scale

Answer 15

A type of composite measure used to summarize several discrete observations and to represent more general variables.
○ “Filtering questions that become more specific with the next”
○ Ex. I am willing to be near ice cream → I am willing to smell ice cream → I am willing to eat ice cream → I love ice cream

Question 16

What type of scale is the does the following survey question display?

On a scale from 1 to 10, how would you rate your stay at the holiday inn?

Answer 16

This survey question represents a Likert Scale.

Remember, a likert scale is a type of composite measure designed to improve the levels in measurement in social research through the use of standardized responses characterized to determine relative intensity of related items
○ Ex. On a scale of 1-5, “agree” or “disagree” to the statement “I dislike my mother”

Question 17

What type of scale is the does the following survey question display?:

Please circle the option that best completes the sentence.

The comedy television series “the office” is:
A. Funny
B. Not Funny

Answer 17

The question exemplifies a semantic deferential.

Remember that a semantic deferential is a questionnaire format in which the respondent is asked to rate something in terms of two opposite adjectives.
○ “The hot or not scale”
○ Ex. In terms of “enjoyable,” “expensiveness,” “complicated,” etc., rate your Friday night—choices for each subcategory range from “somewhat” to “extremely”

Question 18

What type of scale is the does the following survey question display?

Would you be willing to babysit children?
If so, would you be willing to babysit children under the age of 10?
If so, would you be willing to change the diaper of children under 10?

Answer 18

The question exemplifies that of the guttman scale.

Remember that the guttman scale is a type of composite measure used to summarize several discrete observations and to represent more general variables.
○ “Filtering questions that become more specific with the next”
○ Ex. I am willing to be near ice cream → I am willing to smell ice cream → I am willing to eat ice cream → I love ice cream

Question 19

Would you be willing to live within two blocks of a sexual offender?
What about four block?
What about within a twenty mile radius?

Answer 19

The question exemplifies that of the Bogardus Social Distance scale.

It is a measurement technique for determining people’s willingness to participate in “commonly threatening” social relations–of varying degrees of closeness–with other kinds of people.
○ “The akward test”
○ Ex. Sex offender in a neighborhood