Exam 1 Flashcards
peer review
- also “refereed judging”
- when experts and editors rigorously evaluate a manuscript submitted for publication
PICOT
- used to formulate EBP questions:
- Patient population or condition of interest
- Intervention of interest
- Comparison of interest
- Outcome of interest
- Time
primary source
original info presented by the person or people responsible for creating it
secondary source
commentaries, summaries, reviews or interpretations of primary sources; often written by those not involved in the original work
scholarly literature
works written and edited by professionals in the discipline for other colleagues
trade literature
works written for professionals in a discipline using a more casual tone that used in scholarly literature
popular literature
works written to inform or entertain the general public
periodical
resource that is published on a set schedule
journal
scholarly or professional source
magazine
targeted to the general reading audience, not necessarily reliable
narrative review
reviews based on common or uncommon elements of works without concern for research methods, designs, or settings; traditional literature review
integrative review
a scholarly paper that synthesizes published studies to answer questions about phenomena of interest
meta-analysis
a scholarly paper that combines results of studies, both published and unpublished, into a measureable format and statistically estimates the effects of proposed interventions
systematic reviews
rigorous and systematic syntheses of research findings about a clinical problem
homogenous data vs heterogenous data
- homogenous has little variability; you always want it to be homogenous in a randomized control trial
- heterogenous has a wide variability
range
- dif between max and min values in a data set
- considered an unstable measure be it is very sample-specific
- smaller range=more uniform data
- larger the range=more variable
semiquartile range
range of the middle 50% of the data
percentile
measure of rank
standard deviation
based on deviations from the mean of the data- used to determine the number of data values that fall within a specific interval in a normal distribution
z-scores
standardized units used to compare data gathered using different measurement scales
-descibes the distance a score is away from the mean per standard deviation
coefficient of variation
percentage used to compare standard deviations when the units of measure are different or when the means of distributions being compared are far apart
-divide the standard deviation by the mean and record it as a percentage
tailedness
- the rule of 68-95-99.7
- Consider a bell shaped curve with three standard deviations to the right and three standard deviations to the left
- Approximately 99.7% of scores will lie within these standard deviations
- 68% will lie within one standard deviation
- 95 % will lie within two standard deviations
correlation coefficient
describe the relationship between two variables
- Positive correlation- when one variable increases, the other variable increases
- Negative correlation- when one variable increase, the other variable decreases
magnitude
strength of a correlation relationship
- 0= no relationship
- .10 to .30= weak
- .30 to .50= moderate
- > .50= strong
frequency
how often a variable is found to occur or may be presented as either grouped or ungrouped data
ungrouped data
used to present nominal and ordinal data where the raw data represents some characteristic of the variable
grouped data
used to present interval and ratio level data into smaller classifications to make the data easier to interpret
mode
most frequently occurring value in in a data set
mean
mathematical average calculated by adding all values and then dividing by the total number of values
median
the point at the center of the data
z scores
indicate how many standard deviations an element is from the mean
-z score of 0 is equal to the mean… more or less than 0 is more or less than the mean
