Exam 1 Flashcards
Humans interact with each other as speech
the physical motor movement of language
Humans interact with Language
the words the rules, syntax and symantics
Humans interact with Communication
embodies both of these things along with conveying information without using langage or speech
paralinguistic communication
things within language that give you clues to a person’s meaning
ex. tone, exclamation
non linguistic communication
conveying a meaning without language
What is the speech chain?
the actual mechanism of speech broken down into its part
grammar
the rules of language that are different for every language
descriptive grammar
what speakers of a language actually do
prescriptive grammar
what you would learn from a language textbook.
free morphemes
free ones are the ones that can stand alone
bound morphemes
bound ones are the morphemes that can’t stand alone
syntax
how to combine phrases and sentences legally
affixes
attach to the root and addd/ modify meaning
root
words are the smallest unit that can mean something in a word
content morphemes
carry meaning
function morphemes
are used to provide grammatical information and syntactical agreement
simple sentences
contain one subject and one predicate
compound sentences
contain at least two senteces joined by a conjuction
complex sentences
contain a simple and at least one dependent clause
semantics
study of meaning or content in language
lexicon
our inventory of words
pragmatics
language use and function in society
discourse
storytelling
universal feature of language
creativity – combining simple meaning into complex utterances
cell body
maintenance, processing
axon
trasmits impulses away from cell body to go to other neurons muscles and glands
dendrites
recieves impulses from other cells; transmits to cell body
synapse
a cell can accept synaptic inputs from many other cells
Central Nervous System
mass of nerve cells and fibers that coordinate and direct a large part of voluntary activity
Peripheral nervous system
bundles of nerve fibers that link to all portions of body to CNS
- -includes voluntary and involuntary parts (autonomic nervous system)
- all parts that aren’t brain and spinal
afferent nerves
transmit information to CNS from other body parts
efferent nerves
transmit information from CNS to body
What is the structure that separates the two halfves of the brain
longitudinal fissure
what is the structure that links the two halves
corpus callosum
Do the two halves of the brain have the same function
no they have a contralateral relationship and there’s cerebral dominance
What’s Broca’s area
motor out put
broca’s area language functions
production is nonfluent, effortful, syntactic deficits
wernicke’s area
they don’t understand so they just start babbling
wernicke’s are language functions
production is fluent, but not always meaningful
the structure that connects broca and wernickes
arcuate facitis
damage to the facitis
can’t repeat heard speech
cerebral commusurotomy
when you take the two halves of the brain and split them
used to treat epilepsy pretty successful
temporal resolution
what is the time scale at which we observe the activity
spatial resolution
how large is the area in the brain at which we observe the activity
