Exam 1

Question 1

-composed of C,H,O
-provide major source of fuel for the body
-basic unit is glucose (monosaccharide)
-simple and complex
(4kcal/gm)

Answer 1

Carbohydrates (CHO)

Question 2

-composed of C,O,H,N
-basic unit is amino acid
-make up bones mucles, other tissues
-9 essential amino acids
-11 nonessential amino acids
(4kcal/gram)

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

• composed of various elements
• vital to life
• enable chemical reactions
• needed in tiny amounts
• fat soluble
• water soluble

Answer 3

Vitamins

Question 4

-basic unit is fatty acid
-triglyceride is is major form
-fats and oils
-unsaturated/saturated/essential fatty acids
(9kcal/gm)

Answer 4

Lipids

Question 5

• inorganic substances
• needed in tiny amounts
• not destroyed in cooking

Answer 5

Minerals

Question 6

• composed of H,O
• solvent, lubricant
• medium for transport, chem.processes, temp regulation

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

DRI?

Answer 7

Dietary reference intakes

Question 8

TUL?

Answer 8

Tolerable Upper Limits

Question 9

RDA?

Answer 9

Recommended dietary allowances

Question 10

AI?

Answer 10

Adequate intakes

Question 11

Nutrients a person must obtain from food b/c body cannot make them

Answer 11

Essential nutrients

Question 12

Basic structure of proteins?

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

Basic structures of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Sugars and starches (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides)

Question 14

Basic structure of fats?

Answer 14

Triglycerides/ saturated and unsaturated fat

Question 15

Basic structures of vitamins?

Answer 15

Organic/water soluble vs fat soluble

Question 16

Basic structure of minerals?

Answer 16

Inorganic

Question 17

What is required on a food label?

Answer 17

• serving size
• calories/calories from fat
• the nutrients & how much of them
• % daily values foot note

Question 18

• Based on the daily value recommendations for key nutrients for a 2,000 calorie daily diet
• Helps you determine if a serving of for is high or low in a nutrient

Answer 18

% Daily Value

Question 19

Food that has essential nutrients added either in greater quantities of those normally or not normally present

Answer 19

Fortified foods

Question 20

Various nutrients added to compensate for essential nutrients removed by refinement

Answer 20

Enriched food

Question 21

Oral cavity containing tongue and teeth

Answer 21

Mouth

Question 22

Passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx & esophagus

Answer 22

Pharynx

Question 23

Cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents food and liquid from entering

Answer 23

Epiglottis

Question 24

The food pipe from mouth to stomach

Answer 24

Esophagus

Question 25

- Circular muscle surrounding and able to close a body opening - regulates the flow of food particles

Answer 25

Sphincter

Question 26

Muscular elastic saclike portion of digestive system that grinds and churns swallowed foods, mixing it its acids and enzymes forming chyme

Answer 26

Stomach

Question 27

Circular muscle that separates the stomach from the small intestine and regulates the flow partially digested food into small intestine

Answer 27

Pyloric valve/sphincter

Question 28

Major site of digestion of food an absorption of nutrients

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

Organ that stores and concentrates bile

Answer 29

Gallbladder

Question 30

Gland that secretes digestive enzymes and juices into the duodenum

Answer 30

Pancreas

Question 31

Lower portion of intestine that completes the digestive process

Answer 31

Large intestine

Question 32

Protein digesting enzyme in the stomach

Answer 32

Pepsin

Question 33

Emulsifier that prepares fats and oils for digestion; made by liver, stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine when needed

Answer 33

Bile

Question 34

Alkaline secretion of the pancreas; part of pancreatic juice

Answer 34

Bicarbonate