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Nutrition > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

A diet rich in fiber helps adults

A

reduce the risk of heart disease

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2
Q

Calorie needs decline after the age of 30 years or so because

A

basal metabolism declines

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3
Q

In post-menopausal women, a daily calcium intake of 1200 mg

A

slows bone loss and maintains density

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4
Q

Which of the following can help decrease the risks of cataracts?

A

Vitamin E

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5
Q

LOng term use of aspirin or aspirin like medications can deplete

A

iron reserves

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6
Q

What nutrient may prevent macular degeneration?

A

Vitamin A

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7
Q

Which of the following would be an important sign of dehydration?

A

confusion

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8
Q

Which of the following is the primary cause of Vitamin B-12 deficiency?

A

Atrophic gastritis

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9
Q

Inadequate intake of ______ in adults may contribute to loss of bone strength and mental confusion

A

magnesium

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10
Q

What is the term for a person’s pattern of living that includes food choices, exercise patterns, and substance abuse?

A

Lifestyle

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11
Q

Diminished lean body mass, increased fat stores, and decreased body water are all,primary changes in body composition that occur in the _________ years

A

Older adult

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12
Q

Which of the following would be he best strategy for successful aging?

A

Maintaining lean muscle mass

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13
Q

What is the benefit of maintaining lean body mass in elderly?

A

Keep body fat low

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14
Q

True or false. Increases in body weight are common in adults over the age of 70.

A

False

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15
Q

To maintain lean tissue and basal metabolic rate, exercise should be done at least ___ times each week.

A

2

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16
Q

What are some recommended responses to a decrease in vision as a result of age?

A
  • avoid tobacco products

* eat a diet rich in carotenoids

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17
Q

What lifestyle behaviors can protect the cardiovascular system?

A
  • not smoking
  • eating a low-fat diet
  • exercising regularly
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18
Q

What are the best methods to preserve lung function?

A
  • do not smoke
  • be physically active
  • eat a diet rich in antioxidants
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19
Q

What is the main intestinal problem for older people?

A

Constipation

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20
Q

Exercise and adequate fiber and water intake are important in the prevention of

A

Constipation.

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21
Q

How much aerobic exercise should an adult strive to get each day?

A

30 minutes

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22
Q

True or false. Balance exercises can be beneficial to older adults who are at risk for falling

A

True

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23
Q

An example of complementary medicine is

A

Massage therapy and acupuncture along with medications to control pain

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24
Q

Maintaining ____________ mass may be the most important strategy for successful aging

A

Lean muscle

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25
How frequently should an adult strength train each week?
2 times or more
26
Compared to a healthy 30-year-old adult, it takes twice as long for the kidneys of a(n) ______ year-old to remove wastes and restore blood levels to normal after eating excess protein.
80
27
What are some popular and unproven "remedies" for arthritis?
* food restrictions * nutrient supplements * unusual diets
28
A small change, like social isolation as a result of a spouse's passing, that leads to a chain of events (deteriorated diet, health decline, and inability to care for one's self) is called
the domino effect
29
As adulthood progresses, the rate of hormone synthesis and will:
slow
30
Provides transfer (debit) cards to purchase food
SNAP
31
Provides meals and snacks to low-income children and adults in child or day care centers
Child and Adult care food program
32
Provides low income older adults with coupons for fresh produce at community-supported agriculture programs
Senior Farmer's Market Nutrition Program
33
What are guidelines for healthy eating in later years?
* eat regularly * keep easy-to-prepare foods at hand * eat with friends and family
34
Frequent use of aspirin, digestive tract injuries that cause bleeding, and monthly menstruation can potentially lead to what kind of deficiency?
iron
35
Which disease has over 100 forms and causes the degeneration and roughening of the once smooth cartilage that covers and cushions the bone joints?
arthritis
36
The amount of _______ available for purchasing food can have a great impact on the types and amounts of food one eats
money
37
Which of the following are environmental factors that influence the rate of aging?
* shelter * income * education
38
True or false: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of undernutrition during the adult years
true
39
true or false: As an aging body loses resilience, it becomes less able to handle stressors and restore balance
true
40
What is the result of decreased testosterone production?
* loss of lean body mass | * decreased metabolic rate
41
Many adults fail to consume adequate amounts of _____, a habit that places them at risk of mild dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
water
42
Inadequate intake of calcium and Vitamin D, reduced calcium and Vitamin D absorption, and the reduced synthesis of Vitamin D in the skin are all factors that contribute to the development of the bone disease
osteoporosis
43
Used to reduce post menopausal symptoms
black cohosh
44
used to reduce blood cholesterol or blood pressure
garlic
45
used to relieve stress
ginseng
46
used to stimulate the immune system
echinacea
47
used to treat motion sickness and nausea
ginger
48
The DRIs for adults are divided by gender into 4 age groups. These changes in nutrients need take into consideration the following:
* metabolic changes * organ function changes * body composition changes
49
Consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods, balancing energy intake with energy output, and practicing safe food handling are all suggestion made by
the dietary guidelines for americans
50
true or false: many cases of coronary heart disease, certain cancers and osteoporosis may be prevented by following a healthy diet
true
51
The longest stage of the life cycle.
Adulthood
52
Which of the following are not approved by the FDA?
dietary supplements and herbal supplements
53
What can result in deterioration of the quality of dietary intake and nutritional status?
negative change in financial status
54
How does a decrease in kidney function affect protein status?
protein needs any need to be adequate but not excessive
55
High fat intake can lead to which of the following?
* certain cancers * heart disease * obesity
56
This disease an irreversible, abnormal, progressive deterioration of the brain that causes victims to steadily lose the ability to remember, reason, and comprehend
alzheimers
57
Cessation of menses in women, usually beginning at about age 50, is called
menopause
58
Deplete the body of Vitamin K
antibiotics
59
Stomach bleeding increase iron needs
aspirin
60
Mask B-12 deficiency
Folate
61
Interfere with copper and zinc functions
iron
62
What are some dangers of dehydration?
* death * constipation * disorientation
63
During which stage of life are the body systems at their peak efficiency rate?
ages 19 to 30
64
True or false: Metabolic efficiency influences longevity because the rate at which a person metabolism food has a direct effect on his/her weight
true
65
High blood cholesterol, stroke, poor blood glucose regulation, and high free radicals levels are all possible causes of
Alzheimer's disease
66
What are signs of usual aging ?
* rising blood pressure * decreasing lean body mass * declining bone mass
67
Who should never take supplements unless under the guidance of a physician?
pregnant women
68
What nutrient needs increase as we age?
calcium and vitamin D
69
How can fiber help keep an adult healthy?
* fiber can lower blood cholesterol levels * fiber helps prevent circulation * fiber can reduce the risk of colon cancer
70
Consuming _______ in amounts slightly higher than the RDA may help preserve muscle and bone mass in aging adults
protein
71
hypothesis about the causes of aging include?
* errors occur in copying the genetic blueprint * free radicals damage cell parts * neuroendocrine communication and coordination diminish * autoimmunity develops
72
Common dietary inadequacies include
* vitamins D and E * folate * magnesium and calcium * zinc * fiber

Nutrition (5 decks)

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