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Nutrition > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

A favorable pregnancy outcome is a full-term gestation period of how many weeks?

A

40

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2
Q

An organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy, transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus, and removes fetal wastes

A

placenta

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3
Q

What is a good indication during pregnancy of growth and development for the fetus and health for the mother?

A

weight gain

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4
Q

Infants born to mothers with a prepregnancy BMI of 25 or higher are _________ to experience health problems compared to infants born to mothers of BMI in the range of 18.5-24.9.

A

more likely

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5
Q

Which of the following groups of people are at risk of a Vitamin D deficiency?

A

limited sun exposure

Do not consume milk

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6
Q

Which of the following is a function of folic acid during pregnancy?

A

Cell differentiation

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7
Q

When choosing a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement, what should one look for on the label in order to ensure the product is safe?

A

USP symbol

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8
Q

True or False: Pregnant women should not engage in physical activity because it may induce preterm labor or cause a miscarriage.

A

False

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9
Q

Since the embryo continues to grow and develop regardless of the mother’s awareness of pregnancy.

A

The mother’s daily health and nutrition habits are very important

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10
Q

The National Academy of Science’s Institute of Medicine recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy improves the chances of optimal health for both the mother and fetus if the gestation lasts at least ___ weeks

A

38

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11
Q

Heathy prepregnancy weight and adequate weight ______ during pregnancy are two excellent predictors of pregnancy outcomes

A

Gain

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12
Q

True or false: Many teens enter prepregnancy overweight.

A

False

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13
Q

Children born to mothers with gestational diabetes are typically

A

Large for gestational age

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14
Q

Which hormone triggers the let-down reflex?

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

After birth, the mother produces more _______ hormone so that she can produce milk breastfeeding.

A

Prolactin

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16
Q

Lack of appropriate _________ is the primary cause of problems encountered with breastfeeding.

A

Information

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17
Q

What are some components of colostrum?

A
  • immune system cells
  • antibodies
  • lactobacillus bifidus factor
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18
Q

Which statements are true in regard to the Lactobacillus bifidus factor?

A
  • it is a component of colostrum

* it protects the intestine by preventing the growth of potentially harmful bacteria.

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19
Q

How many cups of fluid should the mother consume per day in order to ensure ample milk production?

A

13 cups per day

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20
Q

True or False. Human milk production requires an additional 500 kcal per day.

A

False

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21
Q

Fish and supplements are a good source of omega-3

A

Fatty acids

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22
Q

Breastfeeding education usually focuses on proper nutrition.

A

False

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23
Q

Which statement is true about breastfeeding size during pregnancy?

A

Breast size during pregnancy is not an indication of successful breastfeeding

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the placenta?

A

To accommodate growth and development of the fetus

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25
Who is at the greatest risk for not consuming enough dietary calcium?
Pregnant teens
26
What does the USP symbol supplements signify?
The supplements meet the standards set by the U.S. Pharmacopoeia
27
What is a good source of information that pregnant women can consult to learn about recommendations for weight management during pregnancy?
* a registered dietitian * the institute of medicine * www.choosemyplate.gov
28
During pregnancy another type of diabetes develops in approximately 18% of women and is called
Gestational diabetes
29
What are some causes of potential problems encountered with breastfeeding?
* misinformation | * inverted nipples, which can be corrected during pregnancy
30
Which statements are true about colostrum?
* the first fluid released from the breast at the end of pregnancy * a thin, yellowish fluid
31
The mother should consume ______each time the infant nurses
Water
32
How many calories are required for,production of milk?
800 kcal/day
33
Why is it important for a breastfeeding women to consume an adequate amount of omega-3 fatty acids?
Omega-3 fatty acids are secreted into breast milk and are important for the development of the infants nervous system
34
True or false. Breastfeeding is a learned skill and education prior to lactation is necessary.
True
35
What is the weight gain for maternal fat stores during pregnancy?
4-8 pounds
36
What is the weight gain for the fetus during pregnancy?
8 pounds
37
What is the weight gain for the fetus, amniotic fluid, and placenta during pregnancy?
11 pounds
38
What are the stages of development starting from conception and ending at birth?
Ovum, zygote, embryo, fetus
39
Nausea typically stops after the ____ trimester of pregnancy
First
40
The social indicator that differs most between the developing and industrialized world is pregnancy-related ______
Death
41
Obese women many have a ___ milk supply which will lead to the need for infant formula to be used during feedings.
Low
42
What are the symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension?
* excess protein in urine * edema * changes in blood clotting * rise in blood pressure
43
Smoking during pregnancy is linked to ______ births
Preterm
44
Which components contribute to maternal weight gain during pregnancy?
* blood * fat stores * uterus and breasts * fetus and placenta
45
Recommendations for omega-3 fatty acid intake during pregnancy are ______ compared to before pregnancy.
Higher
46
A diet severely restricted in calories during pregnancy greatly restricts fetal?
Growth and development
47
What nutrients must be increased to support pregnancy?
* some vitamins * protein * some minerals * carbohydrates
48
High blood pressure, gestational diabetes, and difficult deliveries may be experienced
An obese pregnant woman
49
An increased risk of birth defects, death within the first few weeks after birth, and obesity during childhood may be experienced
An infant born to an obese woman
50
Lighter placenta and lower nutrients stores, especially iron, may be experienced
An underweight pregnant woman
51
A low birthweight and increased risk of being premature may be experienced
An infant born to an underweight woman
52
To easily meet the needs for iodine during pregnancy, women should use iodized
Salt
53
True or false. Listeria monocytogenes is of particular concern for pregnant women because it can produce spontaneous abortion
True
54
Iron needs rise significantly during pregnancy because _________
a. the fetus is building iron stores | b. the number of red blood cells increases in the mother
55
A woman who begins pregnancy at a healthy weight should gain
25 to 35 pounds
56
If development does not occur during a critical period, the embryo can make up for this development later when more nutrients are available.
false
57
The placenta delivers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
true
58
Compared with nonpregnant women, during the 3rd trimester pregnant women need to increase calorie intake by about
450kcal
59
Prescription prenatal supplements often contain higher levels of which nutrient than those that can be purchased over the counter?
folic acid
60
Which of the following is not likely to increase the risk of poor pregnancy outcome?
maternal age of 20 to 25
61
Which of the following hormones promotes milk production?
PROLACTIN
62
The let-down reflex is triggered by
* a baby sucking at the breast * a baby crying * thoughts about a baby
63
If a lactating woman's vitamin and mineral intakes exceed the RDA, increased levels of these nutrients may appear in the milk.
true
64
The thin, yellowish milk secreted in the few days right after birth is rich in antibodies and immune system cells.
true
65
Which of the following compounds can be secreted into human milk?
* alcohol * food flavors * drugs * caffeine
66
pre-term pregnancy is
born before 37 weeks
67
low birth weight would be
weighing less than 5.5lbs
68
* lack of adequate synthetic folate * any alcohol consumption * use of certain medicines * use of illegal drugs
potentially harmful practices during pregnancy
69
* x-ray exposure * excess Vitamin A * smoking * herbal therapies * low intake of iron, zinc, or magnesium
potentially harmful practices during pregnancy
70
egg and sperm finish meiosis
conception
71
cell division begins 30 hours after conception, lasts about 2 weeks
zygote
72
begins at 2 weeks, cell division becomes organized | *has the most "critical periods"
embryonic stage
73
from 8 weeks on
fetus
74
spongy, pancake-shaped temporary organ that taps into the mother's blood supply
placenta
75
surrounds fetus, inside the placenta
amniotic sak
76
contains blood vessels that extends through the belly button
umbilical cord
77
failure of tube to close
neural tube defects
78
tube fails to close, causing brain to be missing or underdeveloped
anencephaly
79
incomplete closure of spinal cord or vertebra | *meninges can rupture and cause meningitis
spina bifida
80
* protection of mother's physical and emotional health * 37> weeks of gestation * sufficient lung development * birth weight >5.5 pounds
definition of a successful pregnancy
81
eating non food substances
pica
82
normal birth weight is between
6.6 to 8.8 lbs
83
what is the normal weight gain for the mother in the first trimester?
2-4 lbs and then 11 lbs a week after
84
How much weight do underweight women need to gain before pregnancy?
28-40lbs
85
How much weight should obese women gain during pregnancy?
15-25 lbs
86
gestational hypertension along with protein in the urine and water retention
preeclampsia
87
results in seizures and coma of mother
eclampsia
88
placenta hormone that causes body tissue to retain fluid
edema
89
milk production
prolactin
90
milk release
oxytocin
91
occurs within first weeks, contains more fat lactose and water soluble vitamins (milk)
transitional milk
92
milk after the 1st weeks, thin almost watery
mature milk
93
A mother produces how many ml to make up to 3 cups daily of milk?
750ml or between 600-900ml
94
Maternal characteristics affecting pregnancy outcomes include
* age * health * safety of food supply * eating patterns * sociocultural factors * lifestyle choices

Nutrition (5 decks)

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