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XRAY A&P > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dr. Johnson is your favorite radiologist, so you decided to go to his office to say hello. While there, he explains that the hospital administrator is a patient in ICU. He asks you to log into the computer system so he can check the medical records and the health status of the administrator. Which of the following is the appropriate response?

A. You quickly type in your password so Dr. Johnson can look at the administrator’s medical records.

B. You explain to Dr. Johnson that you cannot do that because you could get in trouble for breaching the patient’s rights to privacy.

C. You check with the department manager to see if it is all right to use your password to login for Dr. Johnson.

D. You inform Dr. Johnson that you just did a portable chest exam on the administrator and he was just put on life support.

A

B. You explain to Dr. Johnson that you cannot do that because you could get in trouble for breaching the patient’s rights to privacy.

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2
Q

After a barium enema, you notice that the sheets have fecal material and blood on them. What should be done with the sheets?

A. Place them in a leak proof linen bag

B. Place them in a red biohazardous bag

C. Place them in a red bag and then put them in a leak-proof linen bag

D. Double bag them

A

A. Place them in a leak proof linen bag

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3
Q

Seven pairs of ribs are visualized in the right lung field of an infant AP chest radiograph. Which of the following would be necessary to improve this radiograph?

A. Increase kVp to see the ribs below the diaphragm

B. Catch infant on inspiration to visualize ten ribs in the right lung field

C. Use a grid to absorb scatter radiation

D. Pinch the infant to make it cry

A

B. Catch infant on inspiration to visualize ten ribs in the right lung field

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4
Q

Which of the following positions is used to demonstrate foreign bodies in the hand?

A. Tunnel

B. Carpal

C. Ulnar flexion

D. Lateral in extension

A

D. Lateral in extension

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5
Q

Which of the following positions of the abdomen should be used to demonstrate air-fluid levels when an erect position cannot be obtained?

A. Prone

B. Fowler

C. Right anterior oblique

D. Left lateral decubitus

A

D. Left lateral decubitus

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6
Q

When manipulating a digital image, what does changing the window width do?

A. Changes the brightness of the image

B. Changes the contrast of the image

C. Changes the resolution of the image

D. Changes the size of the image

A

B. Changes the contrast of the image

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7
Q

What does the term asepsis mean?

A. Free from infection

B. Unsterile

C. Clean

D. Spread of disease

A

A. Free from infection

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8
Q

To demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus, which of the following would be correct?

A. Supinate the hand

B. Internally rotate the arm

C. Abduct the arm

D. Flex the elbow

A

A. Supinate the hand

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9
Q

Where should the central ray be directed for an AP projection of the knee joint?

A. 1 cm proximal to the base of the patella

B. 1 cm distal to the apex of the patella

C. 1 cm distal to the base of the patella

D. Parallel to patellar surface

A

B. 1 cm distal to the apex of the patella

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10
Q

The distal end of an endotracheal tube should be placed _______ superior to the carina.

A. 1 cm

B. 3 cm

C. 5 cm

D. 7 cm

A

C. 5 cm

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11
Q

Which of the following are best demonstrated in the oblique position of the lumbar spine?

A. Intervertebral foramina

B. Spinous processes

C. Zygapophyseal joints

D. Pedicals

A

C. Zygapophyseal joints

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12
Q

Which of the following refers to the movement of the imaging plate as it is being read by the laser?

A. Fast scan

B. Slow scan

C. Direction

D. Sliding

A

B. Slow scan

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13
Q

The red arrow is pointing at what anatomical structure?

A. Sella turcica

B. External auditory meatus

C. Lateral margin of the orbit

D. Sphenoid sinus

A

D. Sphenoid sinus

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14
Q

Fuji’s cassette-based system uses a sensitivity (S) number to determine if the proper exposure was received by the imaging plate. If 200 is the ideal number, what number would indicate the plate was exposed to twice the necessary radiation?

A. 50

B. 100

C. 200

D. 400

A

B. 100

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15
Q

Which of the following positions/projections will best demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint?

A. AP

B. 15 - 20 degree medial oblique

C. 45 degree medial oblique

D. Lateral

A

C. 45 degree medial oblique

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16
Q

Non-ionic, water-soluble iodinated contrast media:

A. contains no iodine.

B. produces no adverse reaction.

C. does not dissolve into charged particles.

D. is less expensive than ionic, water-soluble contrast media.

A

C. does not dissolve into charged particles.

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17
Q

Where should the CR enter for an AP projection during an operative cholangiogram?

A. At the level of the iliac crest

B. At the level of the ASIS

C. At the xiphoid tip

D. Where the surgeon indicates

A

D. Where the surgeon indicates

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18
Q

The 4th cervical vertebra lies at the level of which of the following topographical landmarks?

A. Sternal notch

B. Angle of the mandible

C. Thyroid cartilage

D. Mastoid process

A

C. Thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

Which of the following would NOT be considered a type of transmission-based precaution?

A. AIDS

B. Contact

C. Airborne

D. Droplet

A

A. AIDS

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20
Q

Which of the following is the name for the socket which holds the head of the femur?

A. Glenoid fossa

B. Acetabulum

C. Mandibular fossa

D. Olecrannon

A

B. Acetabulum

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21
Q

What is the greatest advantage of digital imaging?

A. Contrast resolution

B. Spatial resolution

C. Decreased exposure

D. Less distortion

A

A. Contrast resolution

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22
Q

Which of the following documents express a patient’s choices about his/her future care?

A. Patient’s Bill of Rights

B. Standards of Ethics

C. Living Will

D. Informed Consent

A

C. Living Will

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23
Q

When should the exposure be made for an AP projection or lateral position of the upper airway?

A. After deep inspiration

B. After expiration

C. During a slow, deep inspiration

D. During rapid respiration

A

C. During a slow, deep inspiration

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24
Q

In computed radiography, if a cassette has NOT been used for _______ hours, the imaging plate should be erased.

A. 8

B. 16

C. 24

D. 48

A

D. 48

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25
Q

For a lateral position of the L5-S1 junction, the central ray enters on the midcoronal plane at a point:

A. 1 1/2” inferior to the iliac crest.

B. 2 1/2” superior to the iliac crest.

C. 3 1/2” inferior to the iliac crest.

D. directly on the iliac crest.

A

A. 1 1/2” inferior to the iliac crest.

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26
Q

In the radiograph to the right, the red arrow is pointing to which of the following anatomical parts?

A. Medial cuneiform

B. Lateral cuneiform

C. Cuboid

D. Navicular

A

B. Lateral cuneiform

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27
Q

The nasal bones articulate with which of the following bones?

  1. Ethmoid
  2. Frontal
  3. Maxillae

A. 1 only

B. 1 & 2 only

C. 2 & 3 only

D. 1, 2 & 3

A

D. 1, 2 & 3

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28
Q

Medications include which of the following?

A. Contrast media

B. Analgesics

C. Diuretics

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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29
Q

Which of the following DICOM standards assures digital images will look the same on various monitors?

A. DICOM LCD

B. DICOM encoding scheme

C. DICOM grayscale standard display function

D. DICOM capture system

A

C. DICOM grayscale standard display function

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30
Q

Which of the following would relate to a film-screen radiograph having low contrast?

  1. Long scale
  2. Many shades of gray
  3. Low kVp

A. 1 & 2 only

B. 1 & 3 only

C. 2 & 3 only

D. 1, 2 & 3

A

A. 1 & 2 only

31
Q

A patient that develops hives after the injection of a contrast medium may be given which type of drug?

A. Antihistamine

B. Antibiotic

C. Analgesic

D. Anti-inflammatory

A

A. Antihistamine

32
Q

Which of the following positions/projections best demonstrates the esophagus filled with barium?

A. AP

B. LAO

C. RAO

D. Right lateral decubitus

A

C. RAO

33
Q

What is the name of the most distal part of the stomach?

A. Cardiac orifice

B. Pylorus

C. Body

D. Fundus

A

B. Pylorus

34
Q

Which of the following is an acceptable means for receiving a request to perform an examination?

  1. Verbal request over the phone from the physician’s office
  2. Written request from the physician’s office
  3. Verbal request from the patient

A. 1 only

B. 1 & 2 only

C. 2 & 3 only

D. 1, 2 & 3

A

B. 1 & 2 only

35
Q

Where is the needle placed for a lumbar puncture during a myelogram?

A. T12 - L1

B. L1 - L2

C. L3 - L4

D. L5 - S1

A

C. L3 - L4

36
Q

Which of the following radiographic procedures would require nonionic contrast media as opposed to ionic contrast media?

A. Intravenous urography

B. Myelography

C. Sialography

D. Venography

A

B. Myelography

37
Q

Which of the following is/are associated with good body mechanics?

A. Provide a broad base of support

B. When lifting, bend your knees and keep your back straight

C. Keep your load well balanced and close to your body

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

38
Q

Which of the following is the preferred SID for a portable (mobile) radiograph of the chest?

A. 36”

B. 40”

C. 55”

D. 72”

A

D. 72”

39
Q

For a true lateral position of the skull, the midsagittal plane must be in which for these positions?

A. Perpendicular to the image receptor

B. At a right angle to the image receptor

C. Parallel to the image receptor

D. Parallel to the CR

A

C. Parallel to the image receptor

40
Q

After a myelogram, the patient may be taken to _______ for additional studies while the contrast is still in the subarachnoid space.

A. CT

B. MRI

C. Sonography

D. Nuclear medicine

A

A. CT

41
Q

Which of the following will be on the cover of a patient’s chart if he/she does not want to be resuscitated if he/she quits breathing or his/her heart stops beating?

A. CPR

B. NPO

C. DNR

D. Stop

A

C. DNR

42
Q

During retrograde urography contrast media is administered in which of the following ways?

A. Intravenously

B. Via a cystoscope

C. Via a ureteral catheter

D. Intramuscularly

A

C. Via a ureteral catheter

43
Q

How would you attempt to stop the bleeding if your patient started to hemorrhage from the radial artery?

A. Raise the arm

B. Place a tourniquet directly above the elbow

C. Place a tourniquet directly below the elbow

D. Apply direct pressure to the wound

A

D. Apply direct pressure to the wound

44
Q

Which of the following describes the term projection?

A. Patient position

B. Path of the x-ray beam

C. Radiographic view

D. Body habitus type

A

B. Path of the x-ray beam

45
Q

Any image on a radiograph that is foreign to the patient, describes which of the following?

A. Static

B. Emission

C. Artifact

D. Crescent mark

A

C. Artifact

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A. Gallbladder

B. Spleen

C. Pancreas

D. Liver

A

B. Spleen

47
Q

For the oblique position, the foot should be rotated how many degrees medially?

A. 15

B. 30

C. 45

D. 60

A

B. 30

48
Q

Which of the following should be done to reduce OID on a PA projection of the wrist?

A. Increase SID

B. Flex fingers slightly

C. Elevate elbow

D. Extend thumb upward

A

B. Flex fingers slightly

49
Q

Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the rectum filled with barium?

A. Supine

B. Erect

C. RPO

D. Lateral

A

D. Lateral

50
Q

Betadine is used for which of the following?

A. Topical anesthetic

B. Contrast agent

C. Lubricant

D. Skin disinfectant

A

D. Skin disinfectant

51
Q

According to the anode heel effect, in the diagram to the right, which letter corresponds to the greatest radiation intensity?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A

D. D

52
Q

AP weight bearing knees are ordered to demonstrate which of the following pathologies?

A. Tibial plateau fracture

B. Arthritis

C. Edema

D. Torn meniscus

A

B. Arthritis

53
Q

Failure of a radiographer to provide reasonable care describes which of the following?

A. Assault

B. Battery

C. Negligence

D. Slander

A

C. Negligence

54
Q

To best demonstrate the body of the mandible in an axiolateral projection, the head must be placed in which of the following positions?

A. True lateral

B. 30 degree rotation toward the affected side

C. 45 degree rotation toward the affected side

D. 60 degree rotation toward the affected side

A

B. 30 degree rotation toward the affected side

55
Q

To prevent shape distortion which of the two elements must be parallel?

A. The object and the CR

B. The object and the image receptor

C. The CR and the image receptor

D. The CR and the object

A

B. The object and the image receptor

56
Q

A patient suddenly has difficulty breathing, what is the first thing a radiographer must do?

A. Lie the patient supine

B. Call for help

C. Administer oxygen

D. Begin CPR

A

B. Call for help

57
Q

Which of the following is a graphical representation of the numerical values that make up a digital image?

A. Histogram

B. Bar graph

C. Scatter graph

D. Pictograph

A

A. Histogram

58
Q

Beam restriction will affect which of the following radiographic qualities?

A. Brightness

B. Contrast

C. Recorded detail

D. Distortion

A

B. Contrast

59
Q

Why was this lumbar spine radiograph repeated?

A. Bucky tray was not pushed in

B. Grid cutoff

C. Right marker in anatomy

D. X-ray tube was not detented

A

D. X-ray tube was not detented

60
Q

The scapular Y position is used to demonstrate which of the following?

A. Acromioclavicular separation

B. The shoulder joint in an oblique position

C. Anterior or posterior dislocation of the humerus

D. The relationship between the coracoid process and the scapular spine

A

C. Anterior or posterior dislocation of the humerus

61
Q

To make sure the proper patient information and images get sent to the proper folder in PACS, the best practice is to make sure the _______ on the worklist matches the _______ on the patient’s requisition.

A. gender, gender

B. birth date, birth date

C. accession number, accession number

D. patient’s name, patient’s name

A

C. accession number, accession number

62
Q

In the radiograph to the right, the red arrow is pointing to which of the following anatomical parts?

A. Distal phalanx of the great toe

B. Middle phalanx of the great toe

C. Proximal phalanx of the great toe

D. 1st metatarsal of the great toe

A

C. Proximal phalanx of the great toe

63
Q

What is the greatest disadvantage of digital imaging?

A. Contrast resolution

B. Spatial resolution

C. Decreased exposure

D. Less distortion

A

B. Spatial resolution

64
Q

What is the function of contrast in a radiograph?

A. Increase brightness

B. Increase the sharpness of detail

C. Increase the visibility of detail

D. Increase distortion

A

C. Increase the visibility of detail

65
Q

How would the digit “0” of a CR or DR digital image appear on a monitor?

A. Black pixel

B. White pixel

C. Gray pixel

D. Dull pixel

A

B. White pixel

66
Q

What is the rounded process on the proximal, lateral aspect of the femur called?

A. Lateral epicondyle

B. Greater trochanter

C. Medial tubercle

D. Femoral tuberosity

A

B. Greater trochanter

67
Q

Which of the following positions/projections is demonstrated in this radiograph?

A. Lateral cervical spine

B. Lateral cervical spine in flexion

C. Lateral cervical spine in extension

D. Oblique

A

C. Lateral cervical spine in extension

68
Q

A lateral projection of the thoracic spine requires a breathing technique of at least how many seconds?

A. 1

B. 3

C. 5

D. 7

A

B. 3

69
Q

Which of the following would increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)?

A. Increase x-ray intensity

B. Increase scatter radiation

C. Increase electronic noise

D. Increase background noise

A

A. Increase x-ray intensity

70
Q

How will the use of radiographic grids affect the contrast of a radiograph?

A. Produce lower contrast

B. Produce higher contrast

C. Eliminate contrast

D. Have no effect on contrast

A

B. Produce higher contrast

71
Q

If a digital imaging system can record 10 lines per millimeter, what is its spatial resolution?

A. 1 lp/mm

B. 5 lp/mm

C. 10 lp/mm

D. 20 lp/mm

A

B. 5 lp/mm

72
Q

An AP projection of the pelvis requires the patient to be supine, the CR perpendicular, and entering a point:

A. midway between the crests of the ilium.

B. 2” superior to the symphysis pubis.

C. parallel to the sacroiliac joints.

D. at the level of the sacral foramina.

A

B. 2” superior to the symphysis pubis.

73
Q

During a myelogram, what position is the patient in when his head is put lower than his feet?

A. Fowler

B. Prone

C. Trendelenburg

D. Sim’s

A

C. Trendelenburg

XRAY A&P (4 decks)

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