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Social Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

sociology

A

the scientific study of individuals and small group intactions

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2
Q

personality psychology

A

the study of the role of individual differences

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3
Q

sociology

A

the study of groups organizations and socieites rather than individuals

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4
Q

construals

A

the way in which people percieve comprehend and interpret the social world

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5
Q

construals are shaped by

A

the need to feel good about ourselves (self-esteem approach)

The need to be accurate (social cognition approach

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6
Q

Types of Research

A

descriptive research
correlational research
experimental method

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7
Q

descriptive methods

A

describes what is happening observations

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8
Q

correlational methods

A

examines the relationship between two variables

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9
Q

experimental methods

A

manipulate one or more variables while controlling all others

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10
Q

independent variable

A

the variable that the experimenter manipulates; also the cause

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11
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable measured for changes or differences; also the effect

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12
Q

quasi experiments

A

when you cannot randomly assign people to group

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13
Q

experimental methods

A

internal validity v. external validity

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14
Q

internal validity

A

making sure that nothing besides independent variable can affect the dependent variable

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15
Q

external validity

A

the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to to other people and situations

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16
Q

mundane realism

A

the exten to which experimental findings can be generalized to the real world

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17
Q

psychological realism

A

the extent to which the psychological processes triggered in an experiment are similar to psychological processes that occur in everyday life

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18
Q

field experiments

A

study behavior outside of the lab in natural setting

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19
Q

social cognition

A

how people think about themselves and the social world; more specifically how people select interpret remember and use social information to make judgements and decisions

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20
Q

schemas

A

the mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects

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21
Q

Schemas are used to

A
  1. Help us organize and make sense of our world
  2. fill in the gaps of
    the knowledge
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22
Q

Schema accessability

A

the extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of people’s minds and are therefore likely to be used when we are making judgements about the social world

23
Q

Schemas priming

A

the process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema trait or concept

24
Q

availibility heuristic

A

a mental rule of thumb whereby people base a judgement on the ease they can bring something to mind

25
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

a mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case

26
Q

counterfactual reasoning

A

mentally changing some aspect of the past in imagining what might have been

27
Q

Positive consequences of counterfactual reasoning

A

focuses on people’s attention on the ways they can cope better in the future

28
Q

negative consequences of counterfactual reasoning

A

people repetitively focus on negative things in their lives

29
Q

social perception

A

the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people

30
Q

nonverbal communication

A

the way in which people communicate intentionally or unintentionally without words

31
Q

Three reasons decoding people’s facial expression

A

affect blends, people may try to mask emotions, culture

32
Q

nonverbal cues include

A 
facial expressions
gestures
body position/movement
tone of voice
gaze
the use of touch
artifacts
33
Q

attributions

A

a description of the way in which peole explain the causes of their own and other people’s behaviors

34
Q

the two step process of attributions

A

you consciously slow down think carefully before reaching a judgement

  1. you are motivated to reach an accurate judgment
  2. you are suspicious about he behavior
35
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

make internal attribution for other’s failures

36
Q

illusory correlation

A

tend to see relationships where there are none

37
Q

just world assumption

A

blaming the victim

38
Q

self serving bias

A

my success is because of me; my failure is because of you

39
Q

bias blind spot

A

tendency to think others are more susceptible to attributional biases

40
Q

confirmation bias

A

look for inof to support your beliefs

41
Q

belief perserverance

A

ignore evidence against your beliefs

42
Q

false consensus

A

our opinions, belifs are common

43
Q

mere ownership

A

if i own it it is good

44
Q

hindsight bias

A

change memories to fit new info

45
Q

self-concept

A

what a person beleives about him or herself

46
Q

self concept is made up of

A

self schemas

47
Q

identity

A

definitions of self that distinguish sell from others

48
Q

self esteem

A

evlauative component of self concept

49
Q

Culture and gender differences–Culture

A

women- relational interdependence

men- collective interdependence and focus on their memberships in larger groups

50
Q

self awareness theory

A

the idea that when people focus on their attention on themselves. They evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values

51
Q

self-perception theory

A

the theory that when our attitudes and feeling are uncertain or ambiguous we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs

52
Q

physiological arousal

A

ephinephrine informed, epinephrine ignorant

placebo

53
Q

goal of ethnography

A

tries to understand the group or culture without imposing his or her own ideas on it

Social Psychology (3 decks)

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