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Anth 201 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Biological Anthropology

A

Emphasis on physical characteristics of humans and primates

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1
Q

Define Anthropology

A

Everything we do, think, and believe (involves making comparisons)

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2
Q

Archaeology

A

study past societies through artifacts (items made by humans)

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3
Q

Linguistics

A

comparative study of language, history, development, and how they change

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4
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A

study of living people

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5
Q

Artifacts

A

items made by humans

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6
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Notion that one way is best (nose cleaning story, and tribes making fun of others blow guns.)

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7
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

All cultures are equal and worth of respect (finger chopping for mourning)

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8
Q

Ethnography

A

Written amount of a society (thing)

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9
Q

Ethnology

A

Study of different accounts (activity)

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10
Q

Tylor

A

Father of Anth. Thought culture way rational <-influenced by Darwin

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11
Q

Unilinear Evolution

A

Savagery>Barbarism>Civilization

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12
Q

Civilization

A

Has writing

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13
Q

Barbarism

A

Agriculture, some writing

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14
Q

Savagery

A

Wild foods only, no agriculture/writing

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15
Q

Psychic Unity of Mankind

A

All people had the equal intellectual capacity potential

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16
Q

Boas

A

Thought culture was irrational. Geographer (First one to use cultures as plural) - Questioned the idea that people were of low rationallity. Profound impact on social sciences especially in US

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17
Q

Historical Particularism

A

Culture results of traits coming together by historical accident

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18
Q

Malinowski

A

During field study got stuck behind enemy lines and learned native language and lived in the village. Sparks new methodology ->Participant observation

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19
Q

Participant Observation

A

Better way of understanding native way of life

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20
Q

Symbolic Anthropology

A

The meaning behind the observed acts

21
Q

Evolutionary Psychology/Human Behavioral Ecology

A

We are a product of natural selection, and we were designed to solve recurring problems which our ancestors faced

22
Q

Hunting and Gathering

A

Wild foods exclusisvely, no agriculture

23
Q

Characteristics

A

No agriculture and bands

24
Q

Bands

A

Small groups 5-75 people, biological relatives and friends, size depends on environmental potential and seasonal fluctuations

25
Q

Nomadic

A

Division of labor, intimately tied with nature

26
Q

Division of labor

A

Men hunt wild game, women gather plants

27
Q

Hunting and gathering presentation

A

We are designed to live as hunter - gatherers

28
Q

Horticulture (slash and burn)

A

Cut down a section of land and burn it, leave it for years and come back later. (35-50 Years)

29
Q

Characteristics

A

simple agriculture : Human powered (hand tools)

30
Q

Long fallow (rest)

A

Clear a section of forrest then burn it and leave to rest for a couple of years

31
Q

Sedentary

A

75-300 people, conflict increases when a large number of people stay in the same location for several years

32
Q

Pastoralism

A

subsistence system based on animal husbandry

33
Q

Animal Husbandry

A

breeding and raising of herd animals

34
Q

Transhumance

A

altitudinal migration (summer->move to mountains) (winter -> move to lower valleys)

35
Q

Pastoralism

A

Based on animal husbandry (breeding and raising of herd animals)

36
Q

Intensive Agriculture

A

People who farm land. Often exploited by elites who live in the cities. Make up 70% of worlds population. Use plows, draft animals and sometimes irrigation.

37
Q

Social consequences of intensive agriculture

A

Must keep a good relationship within the group. Must be friendly with neighbors to trade

38
Q

Peasant presentation

A

People who farm land

39
Q

Feudal (patrimonial)

A

Grants peasants access to land, protection from raiders, fun on church holidays

40
Q

Capitalist (mercantile)

A

Private ownership of land, exchange for wage, market driven, profit motive.

41
Q

Socialist (administrative)

A

State controls land (no private ownership)

42
Q

Centralized planning

A

Not market driven, Government plans everything

43
Q

Mechanization

A

Use of fossil fuels, mechanically harvested, less human power involved, use of GPS technology

44
Q

Extremely productive

A

Mechanization replaced a lot of the work force

45
Q

Large populations

A

Living in urban centers (downside is polluction)

46
Q

Increased specialization

A

Increased division of labor

47
Q

Demopgrapic Transition

A

After an initial increase in population, growth rate tends to stabilize

48
Q

Massive migrations

A

cheap labor is needed in industrial society

49
Q

Geographical boundaries

A

Become less significant - we are increasingly interconnected (we’re part of a world economy)

50
Q

Social isolation

A

Life becomes more impersonal (Perceived lost sense of community)

Anth 201 (3 decks)

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