Exam 1 Flashcards
Node
Where a new branch begins on the stem
Internode
Area between nodes
Auxiliary Bud
New bud on end of branch or stem
Who developed the Cell Theory?
Schleiden and Schwann
What did Hooke do?
Came up with name “Cell” because the squares in piece of cork looked like rooms in monasteries.
What did Leeuwenhoek do?
Looked at animal cells, called them animalcules
Monocots
Plants with one seed leaf.
Example - corn, grass
Dicots
2 seed leaves
Example - Trees, Beans, Melons
Name clue for Sugars
End in Ose
Structural clue for Sugars
“O” in the ring
What is unique, structurally, about Ribose?
Has 2 OH
What is unique, structurally, about Deoxyribose?
Has 1 OH and 1 H
How to tell an Amino Group, structurally, in an Amino Acid
Group of elements including Nitrogen.. Referred to as Nitrogen group
What does an Amino Acid look like, structurally?
Amino group and acid group attached to a central Carbon. Also there is an R representing the rest of the molecule. Example - H2N and COOH attached to C
What is a protein?
A group of Amino Acids
Triglyceride, Structurally
3 fatty acid chains on a glycerol backbone
Phospholipid, structurally
2 Fatty acid chains and a phosphate group on a glycerol backbone
Lipid, structurally
Carbon on a glycerol chain
Saturated Fatty Acid
Single hydrogen bonds, solid
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Double hydrogen bonds, liquid
Hydrophobic
Hates / fears water
Nucleic Acid, structurally
Ribose or Deoxyribose attached to phosphate group and a big base
Where is DNA located in cells?
Nucleus
What is located in the Ribosomes of a cell?
Ribosomal RNA
What cellular function takes place in the Ribosomes of a cell?
Protein synthesis
What is RNA’s function in a cell?
Transports info from nucleus to Ribosomes
Primary Protein structure
Single line of Amino acids
What types of structures are Alpha Helix and Beta Sheets?
Secondary Structures
How do secondary structures form?
Primary structures fold in on themselves
Can a single protein form a quatrinary structure by itself?
No, needs multiple
ATP stands for?
Adenine TRIphosphate
What does ATP look like, structurally?
Three phosphate groups on a nucleotide
ADP stands for?
Adenine DIphosphate
What does ADP look like, structurally?
Two phosphate groups on a nucleotide
What type of structure is a starch?
Alpha 1, 4 glucose
What does an Alpha link look like?
It goes up
Make sure glucose is on top left
What does a Beta link look like?
It goes down
Make sure glucose is on top left
What type of structure is Cellulose?
Beta 1, 4 glucose
Describe Cellulose
Long bars (work like rebar), connected by crosslinking Glycans. Pectin fills up extra space(concrete)
Functions of Leaves
Protection against desiccation, Light Capture, and Gas Exchange
Epidermis
Top layer of a plants structure
Waxy Cuticle
Cover on top of epidermis. Waterproofs the plant
Palisade Parenchyma
Where Chloroplasts are located and light is captures
What two organs in plants are involved in gas exchange?
Spongy Mesophyll and Stomata
Stomata
Passageway used for the diffusion of air