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Introduction to Geography > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following statements about latitude is true?

latitude is a measure of distance and of the equator

latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe

latitude varies from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

on a globe, lines of latitude intersect parallels of longitude at right angles

A

latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe

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2
Q

The 24 time zones of the world are roughly centered on meridians at 15-degree intervals

T/F

A

True

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3
Q

All of the following statements about small-scale maps are true EXCEPT that they

give a general idea of the relative locations of major features

show significantly less detail than do larger scale maps

typically smooth out such features as coastlines and rivers

permit the accurate measurement of major features

A

permit the accurate measurement of major features

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4
Q

A relatively new remote sensing technology that utilizes an airborne laser to transmit light out to an object is known as

thermal scanning
radar
lidar
global positioning systems

A

lidar

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5
Q

Which of the following statements about remote sensing is NOT true?

it is a faster means of reconnaissance than ground surveying

it began with data collected by the US space program

one of the most common sources of remotely sensed data is Landsat imagery

aerial photographs must be interpreted before maps can be made of them

A

it began with data collected by the US space program

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6
Q

A digital record of geographic information is called a

geographic database
density slice
pixel
vertical axis

A

geographic database

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7
Q

an equidistant projection

shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points

has parallels and meridians intersecting at right angles

shows true directions from a single point to all other points

it is almost always conformal

A

shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points

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8
Q

All of the following are problems inherent in showing quantities in areas EXCEPT that

such maps imply uniformity within an area

such maps imply abrupt changes at boundaries that are unrealistic

color choice may impart more importance to some areas than others

such maps can show quantities but not rates, percentages, or densities

A

such maps can show quantities but not rates, percentages, or densities

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9
Q

flowlines would not be used to represent

airline routes
political boundaries
migration patterns
ocean currents

A

political boundaries

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10
Q

The equal-area map projection developed to reflect concern for the problems of the Third World by providing a less European-centered representation of the world is the

Mercator Projection
Peters Projection
Robinson Projection
Copernican Projection

A

Peters Projection

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11
Q

The name of the supercontinent that broke apart as the seafloor began to spread hundreds of millions of years ago is

Eurasia
Thalassa
Pangaea
gaia

A

Pangaea

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12
Q

Which of the following groups contain only landforms produced by glacial deposition

lateral moraines, fiords, permafrost

outwash plain, lateral moraines, fiords

lateral moraines, terminal moraines, outwash plain

fiords, outwash plains, terminal moraines

A

lateral moraines, terminal moraines, outwash plain

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13
Q

the ability of running water to erode a surface does not depend on the

steepness of the slope
underlying bedrock
strength of the wind
amount of precipitation

A

strength of the wind

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14
Q

volcanism is a gradational process

T/F

A

false

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15
Q

Narrow columns of hot mantle rock that can form ‘hot spots’ of volcanism beneath centers of oceanic plates are known as

cutaways
pillars
coils
plumes

A

plumes

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16
Q

granite, basalt, pumice, and obsidian are all _____ rocks

igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
diastrophic

A

igneous

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17
Q

fine-grained, windblown silt deposits are known as

till
loess
drift
talus

A

loess

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18
Q

the most important erosional agent is

groundwater flow
chemical oxidation
running water
wind

A

running water

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19
Q

the scientist who first proposed the idea of the existence of one supercontinent prior to its breakup millions of years ago is

Alfred Wegener
Charles Darwin
Alexander von Humboldt
William Morris Davis

A

Alfred Wegener

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20
Q

the ridge and valley region of the eastern United States is the result of what force of diastrophism

volcanism
warping
faulting
folding

A

folding

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21
Q

in the northern hemisphere, the trade winds blow

from the southeast
between the subtropical high and equatorial low
from low to high pressure regions
from a generally westerly direction

A

between the subtropical high and equatorial low

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22
Q

at the June solstice, the North Pole receives 24 hours of daylight

T/F

A

True

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23
Q

The amount of available incoming solar radiation depends on cloud cover, day of year, time of day, and latitude

T/F

A

True

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24
Q

Under average circumstances at sea level, the weight of a column of air 1 inch by 1 inch is about 6 miles into the atmosphere weight about

29.92 ounces
14.7 pounds
3.5 degrees
23.5 kilograms

A

14.7 pounds

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25
Q

Proceeding from the equator toward the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere summer, the

hours of darkness increase
the number of hours in a day increases
hours of daylight become fewer
hours of daylight become greater

A

hours of daylight become greater

26
Q

Which statement about air pressure is correct?

the greater the differences in air pressure between places, the greater the wind

air pressure is lowest closer to the earth’s surface

high temperatures are associated with high air pressure

if distances between high an low pressure zones are short, wind velocities diminish

A

the greater the differences in air pressure between places, the greater the wind

27
Q

Which of the following has not been suggested by scientists as an explanation of long-term climatic change?

the changing shape of the earth’s orbit around the sun

the varying tilt of the earth’s axis relative to the sun

the changing direction of the earth in its revolution around the sun

the gyration of the earth’s rotation axis

A

the changing direction of the earth in its revolution around the sun

28
Q

the angle of the sun’s rays at a given time and date is most influenced by a location’s

latitude
longitude
distribution of land and water
cloud cover

A

latitude

29
Q

which of the following is not considered a natural factor in short-term climatic change

volcanic eruptions
sunspot activity
earth’s orbital shape
oceanic circulation

A

earth’s orbital shape

30
Q

If distances between high and low pressure zones are short, _____ are steep and ____ are great

stopes, wind velocities
pressure gradients, wind velocities
lapse rates, convectional flows
slopes, mountain and valley breezes

A

pressure gradients, wind velocities

31
Q

In the Cairo Plan, the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development endorsed

government imposition of population control in the line of Chinese policy of one child per family

giving women greater control over their lives, greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproductive decisions

developed countries to send their delegates including Hollywood celebrities to promote the concept of small family and use of contraceptives for both men and women

forced sterilization of men and women after the birth of their second child

A

giving women greater control over their lives, greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproductive decisions

32
Q

Urbanization is associated with declining birth rates

T/F

A

True

33
Q

The idea that unchecked population increases geometrically while food production increases arithmetically is associated with which theory

Malthusian
Neo-Malthusian
Cornucopian
Green Revolution

A

Malthusian

34
Q

The second stage of the demographic transition is marked by

high birth rates, and high but fluctuating death rates

high birth rates, and low and stable death rates

declining birth rates, and continuing high death rates

high birth rates, and declining death rates

A

high birth rates, and declining death rates

35
Q

Overpopulation occurs at densities above 2,500 per square mile

T/F

A

False

36
Q

Population growth is associated with which stages of the demographic transition model?

1 and 2
2 and 3
3 and 4
4 and 5

A

2 and 3

37
Q

The continent with the lowest total fertility rates overall is

Africa
Asia
South America
Europe

A

Europe

38
Q

One-quarter to one-third of global mortality is due to

war
malnutrition
infectious and parasitic diseases
cancer

A

infectious and parasitic diseases

39
Q

In recent years, the world population has grown annually by about

6 million
23 million
77 million
122 million

A

77 million

40
Q

Which statement is not true with regard to how the earth’s population is distributed

two-thirds of the earth’s population live in the mid latitudes

nearly fifty percent of the earth’s population live within 200 kilometers (125 miles) of the ocean

eighty percent of the earth’s population live on 5 percent of the land

more than fifty percent of the earth’s population reside above 500 meters (1650 ft) elevation

A

more than fifty percent of the earth’s population reside above 500 meters (1650 ft) elevation

41
Q

Of the four major world religions, the one which has experienced the most extensive worldwide dispersion is

Buddhism
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam

A

Christianity

42
Q

A shaman is generally associated with what type of religion?

ethnic religion
tribal religion
universalizing religion
secularism

A

tribal religion

43
Q

What is the language family that includes languages of both South Asia and Europe?

A

Indo-European

44
Q

Of the following major world religions, the newest is

Buddhism
Islam
Judaism
Hinduism

A

Islam

45
Q

The four languages spoken by the greatest number of people worldwide are

Mandarin, Hindu/Urdu, Spanish, and Russian

English, French, German, and Spanish

Mandarin, Japanese, English, and Spanish

Mandarin, English, Hindu/Urdu, and Spanish

A

Mandarin, English, Hindu/Urdu, and Spanish

46
Q

Which language is the most dominant in terms of number of speakers who use it as their primary of secondary tongue?

Spanish
Mandarin (China)
English
Arabic

A

Mandarin (China)

47
Q

When immigrants to a country give up many of their past cultural traits, lose their distinguishing characteristics and merge into the mainstream of the dominant culture, they are said to have

acculturated
amalgamated
adapted
assimilated

A

assimilated

48
Q

Religions with strong territorial and cultural group identification, such as Japanese Shinto, are known as

universalizing religions
tribal religions
ethnic religions
traditional religions

A

ethnic religions

49
Q

The term used to recognize socially created distinctions between males and females in duties assigned and rewards afforded to each is

amalgamation
syncretism
vernacular
gender

A

gender

50
Q

Language is part of which cultural subsystem?

technological
sociological
material
ideological

A

ideological

51
Q

the tendency for individuals in domestic relocations to move from small places to larger ones is known as

counter migration
channelized migration
return migration
hierarchial migration

A

hierarchial migration

52
Q

an example of a pull factor for migration is

a desire to escape war and persecution

a high paying job in another city

overcrowding in major cities

a reduction of rural farm workers

A

a high paying job in another city

53
Q

areas that dominate a locale’s in-and-out migration patterns constitute the

place of utility of the area
spatial search required
channelized pattern of flow
migration field

A

migration field

54
Q

the spread of Wal-Mart in the United States is an example of

relocation diffusion
contagious diffusion
activity space
innovation decay

A

contagious diffusion

55
Q

when a product or an idea disperses outward from a center of origin, the process is known as

the critical distance
contagious diffusion
the push factor
herarchical migration

A

contagious diffusion

56
Q

New inventions and innovations are usually the result of isolated contemplation

T/F

A

False

57
Q

The spatial extent of individual activity spaces depends on all of the following except

means of mobility
patterns of migration
stage of the life course
opportunity for interaction

A

patterns of migration

58
Q

The diffusion of Wal-Mart stores throughout the United States is an example of

hierarchical diffusion
reverse heirarcical diffusion
contagious diffusion
globalization

A

reverse heirarcical diffusion

59
Q

immigrants who are unhappy with their new homeland and move back to their native land are engaging in what type of migration?

reluctant
return
relocation
involuntary

A

return

60
Q

what is the term that refers to the spread of a culture trait from its place of origin to new areas?

A

diffusion

Introduction to Geography (3 decks)

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