Exam #1 Flashcards
Which of the following statements about latitude is true?
latitude is a measure of distance and of the equator
latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe
latitude varies from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
on a globe, lines of latitude intersect parallels of longitude at right angles
latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe
The 24 time zones of the world are roughly centered on meridians at 15-degree intervals
T/F
True
All of the following statements about small-scale maps are true EXCEPT that they
give a general idea of the relative locations of major features
show significantly less detail than do larger scale maps
typically smooth out such features as coastlines and rivers
permit the accurate measurement of major features
permit the accurate measurement of major features
A relatively new remote sensing technology that utilizes an airborne laser to transmit light out to an object is known as
thermal scanning
radar
lidar
global positioning systems
lidar
Which of the following statements about remote sensing is NOT true?
it is a faster means of reconnaissance than ground surveying
it began with data collected by the US space program
one of the most common sources of remotely sensed data is Landsat imagery
aerial photographs must be interpreted before maps can be made of them
it began with data collected by the US space program
A digital record of geographic information is called a
geographic database
density slice
pixel
vertical axis
geographic database
an equidistant projection
shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points
has parallels and meridians intersecting at right angles
shows true directions from a single point to all other points
it is almost always conformal
shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points
All of the following are problems inherent in showing quantities in areas EXCEPT that
such maps imply uniformity within an area
such maps imply abrupt changes at boundaries that are unrealistic
color choice may impart more importance to some areas than others
such maps can show quantities but not rates, percentages, or densities
such maps can show quantities but not rates, percentages, or densities
flowlines would not be used to represent
airline routes
political boundaries
migration patterns
ocean currents
political boundaries
The equal-area map projection developed to reflect concern for the problems of the Third World by providing a less European-centered representation of the world is the
Mercator Projection
Peters Projection
Robinson Projection
Copernican Projection
Peters Projection
The name of the supercontinent that broke apart as the seafloor began to spread hundreds of millions of years ago is
Eurasia
Thalassa
Pangaea
gaia
Pangaea
Which of the following groups contain only landforms produced by glacial deposition
lateral moraines, fiords, permafrost
outwash plain, lateral moraines, fiords
lateral moraines, terminal moraines, outwash plain
fiords, outwash plains, terminal moraines
lateral moraines, terminal moraines, outwash plain
the ability of running water to erode a surface does not depend on the
steepness of the slope
underlying bedrock
strength of the wind
amount of precipitation
strength of the wind
volcanism is a gradational process
T/F
false
Narrow columns of hot mantle rock that can form ‘hot spots’ of volcanism beneath centers of oceanic plates are known as
cutaways
pillars
coils
plumes
plumes
granite, basalt, pumice, and obsidian are all _____ rocks
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
diastrophic
igneous
fine-grained, windblown silt deposits are known as
till
loess
drift
talus
loess
the most important erosional agent is
groundwater flow
chemical oxidation
running water
wind
running water
the scientist who first proposed the idea of the existence of one supercontinent prior to its breakup millions of years ago is
Alfred Wegener
Charles Darwin
Alexander von Humboldt
William Morris Davis
Alfred Wegener
the ridge and valley region of the eastern United States is the result of what force of diastrophism
volcanism
warping
faulting
folding
folding
in the northern hemisphere, the trade winds blow
from the southeast
between the subtropical high and equatorial low
from low to high pressure regions
from a generally westerly direction
between the subtropical high and equatorial low
at the June solstice, the North Pole receives 24 hours of daylight
T/F
True
The amount of available incoming solar radiation depends on cloud cover, day of year, time of day, and latitude
T/F
True
Under average circumstances at sea level, the weight of a column of air 1 inch by 1 inch is about 6 miles into the atmosphere weight about
29.92 ounces
14.7 pounds
3.5 degrees
23.5 kilograms
14.7 pounds
Proceeding from the equator toward the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere summer, the
hours of darkness increase
the number of hours in a day increases
hours of daylight become fewer
hours of daylight become greater
hours of daylight become greater
Which statement about air pressure is correct?
the greater the differences in air pressure between places, the greater the wind
air pressure is lowest closer to the earth’s surface
high temperatures are associated with high air pressure
if distances between high an low pressure zones are short, wind velocities diminish
the greater the differences in air pressure between places, the greater the wind
Which of the following has not been suggested by scientists as an explanation of long-term climatic change?
the changing shape of the earth’s orbit around the sun
the varying tilt of the earth’s axis relative to the sun
the changing direction of the earth in its revolution around the sun
the gyration of the earth’s rotation axis
the changing direction of the earth in its revolution around the sun
the angle of the sun’s rays at a given time and date is most influenced by a location’s
latitude
longitude
distribution of land and water
cloud cover
latitude
which of the following is not considered a natural factor in short-term climatic change
volcanic eruptions
sunspot activity
earth’s orbital shape
oceanic circulation
earth’s orbital shape
If distances between high and low pressure zones are short, _____ are steep and ____ are great
stopes, wind velocities
pressure gradients, wind velocities
lapse rates, convectional flows
slopes, mountain and valley breezes
pressure gradients, wind velocities
In the Cairo Plan, the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development endorsed
government imposition of population control in the line of Chinese policy of one child per family
giving women greater control over their lives, greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproductive decisions
developed countries to send their delegates including Hollywood celebrities to promote the concept of small family and use of contraceptives for both men and women
forced sterilization of men and women after the birth of their second child
giving women greater control over their lives, greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproductive decisions
Urbanization is associated with declining birth rates
T/F
True
The idea that unchecked population increases geometrically while food production increases arithmetically is associated with which theory
Malthusian
Neo-Malthusian
Cornucopian
Green Revolution
Malthusian
The second stage of the demographic transition is marked by
high birth rates, and high but fluctuating death rates
high birth rates, and low and stable death rates
declining birth rates, and continuing high death rates
high birth rates, and declining death rates
high birth rates, and declining death rates
Overpopulation occurs at densities above 2,500 per square mile
T/F
False
Population growth is associated with which stages of the demographic transition model?
1 and 2
2 and 3
3 and 4
4 and 5
2 and 3
The continent with the lowest total fertility rates overall is
Africa
Asia
South America
Europe
Europe
One-quarter to one-third of global mortality is due to
war
malnutrition
infectious and parasitic diseases
cancer
infectious and parasitic diseases
In recent years, the world population has grown annually by about
6 million
23 million
77 million
122 million
77 million
Which statement is not true with regard to how the earth’s population is distributed
two-thirds of the earth’s population live in the mid latitudes
nearly fifty percent of the earth’s population live within 200 kilometers (125 miles) of the ocean
eighty percent of the earth’s population live on 5 percent of the land
more than fifty percent of the earth’s population reside above 500 meters (1650 ft) elevation
more than fifty percent of the earth’s population reside above 500 meters (1650 ft) elevation
Of the four major world religions, the one which has experienced the most extensive worldwide dispersion is
Buddhism
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Christianity
A shaman is generally associated with what type of religion?
ethnic religion
tribal religion
universalizing religion
secularism
tribal religion
What is the language family that includes languages of both South Asia and Europe?
Indo-European
Of the following major world religions, the newest is
Buddhism
Islam
Judaism
Hinduism
Islam
The four languages spoken by the greatest number of people worldwide are
Mandarin, Hindu/Urdu, Spanish, and Russian
English, French, German, and Spanish
Mandarin, Japanese, English, and Spanish
Mandarin, English, Hindu/Urdu, and Spanish
Mandarin, English, Hindu/Urdu, and Spanish
Which language is the most dominant in terms of number of speakers who use it as their primary of secondary tongue?
Spanish
Mandarin (China)
English
Arabic
Mandarin (China)
When immigrants to a country give up many of their past cultural traits, lose their distinguishing characteristics and merge into the mainstream of the dominant culture, they are said to have
acculturated
amalgamated
adapted
assimilated
assimilated
Religions with strong territorial and cultural group identification, such as Japanese Shinto, are known as
universalizing religions
tribal religions
ethnic religions
traditional religions
ethnic religions
The term used to recognize socially created distinctions between males and females in duties assigned and rewards afforded to each is
amalgamation
syncretism
vernacular
gender
gender
Language is part of which cultural subsystem?
technological
sociological
material
ideological
ideological
the tendency for individuals in domestic relocations to move from small places to larger ones is known as
counter migration
channelized migration
return migration
hierarchial migration
hierarchial migration
an example of a pull factor for migration is
a desire to escape war and persecution
a high paying job in another city
overcrowding in major cities
a reduction of rural farm workers
a high paying job in another city
areas that dominate a locale’s in-and-out migration patterns constitute the
place of utility of the area
spatial search required
channelized pattern of flow
migration field
migration field
the spread of Wal-Mart in the United States is an example of
relocation diffusion
contagious diffusion
activity space
innovation decay
contagious diffusion
when a product or an idea disperses outward from a center of origin, the process is known as
the critical distance
contagious diffusion
the push factor
herarchical migration
contagious diffusion
New inventions and innovations are usually the result of isolated contemplation
T/F
False
The spatial extent of individual activity spaces depends on all of the following except
means of mobility
patterns of migration
stage of the life course
opportunity for interaction
patterns of migration
The diffusion of Wal-Mart stores throughout the United States is an example of
hierarchical diffusion
reverse heirarcical diffusion
contagious diffusion
globalization
reverse heirarcical diffusion
immigrants who are unhappy with their new homeland and move back to their native land are engaging in what type of migration?
reluctant
return
relocation
involuntary
return
what is the term that refers to the spread of a culture trait from its place of origin to new areas?
diffusion
