Chapters 1-7

Question 1

Spatial interaction is affected by

mobility, economics, and anticipation.

the physical environment, the cultural landscape, and the interchange potential of places.

distance, accessibility, and connectivity.

absolute location, spatial parameters, and network design.

Answer 1

distance, accessibility, and connectivity.

Question 2

Since humans are the active agents in human-environmental interactions, people in general

have no contact with the physical landscape.

are frequently unmindful of the dangers of inappropriate environmental exploitation.

are immune from adverse natural events.

alter the physical environment so that any potential dangers it holds are made harmless or removed totally.

Answer 2

are frequently unmindful of the dangers of inappropriate environmental exploitation

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of the natural landscape?

It provides the setting for human action.

It is perceived, interpreted, and used in different ways by different cultures.

It determines how people live in a particular place.

It is shaped by human action into a cultural landscape.

Answer 3

It determines how people live in a particular place.

Question 4

Geography as a discipline

originated in ancient Greek interest in the nature of the universe and the varying character of the known parts of the earth.

developed as an outgrowth of the “Age of Discovery,” beginning in the 15th century.

emerged in the 20th Century with the development of geographic information systems (GIS).

was developed in response to a national need to map and describe the American West.

Answer 4

originated in ancient Greek interest in the nature of the universe and the varying character of the known parts of the earth.

Question 5

As geographers use the term, scale tells us

the weight of a given commodity.

the intrinsic character of the object or area studied.

the relationship between earth distance and map distance.

the length of a degree of
longitude along different parallels.

Answer 5

the relationship between earth distance and map distance.

Question 6

An example of a formal region is

the hub and spoke network for a particular airline.

100,000 square kilometers.

Dixie.

the area of France where the Breton language is spoken.

Answer 6

the area of France where the Breton language is spoken.

Question 7

The word geography is derived from Greek words meaning

human society and the earth.

the cultural landscape of the earth.

the description of the earth.

the measurement of the earth.

Answer 7

the description of the earth.

Question 8

The term “geography” was reportedly coined by which Greek scientist?

Pythagoras

Strabo

Aristotle

Eratosthenes

Answer 8

Eratosthenes

Question 9

Geography differs from disciplines such as geology, meteorology, and cultural anthropology in that it

involves greater accuracy of measurement of phenomena studied.

is more precisely defined in terms of the phenomena studied.

is concerned with more abstract concepts.

uses data from related disciplines to study spatial relationships.

Answer 9

uses data from related disciplines to study spatial relationships.

Question 10

The location of Chicago at 41° 49’ N latitude and 87° 37’ W longitude is an example of

intensive location.

absolute location.

relative location.

remote location.

Answer 10

absolute location.

Question 11

Geography is BEST described as

the location of countries, state and national capitals, major rivers, and continents.

the study of the origin and behavior of humans and the development of societies and cultures.

the study of how and why human and physical attributes vary from place to place on the surface of the earth.

the study of the choices made by individuals and societies with regard to the alternative uses of scarce resources.

Answer 11

the study of how and why human and physical attributes vary from place to place on the surface of the earth.

Question 12

Human systems in geography include

Population, political, cultural

Human impact on the environment, service activities, geographic techniques and skills

Human interaction, weather and climate, human impact on the environment

Primary activities, political, landforms

Answer 12

Population, political, cultural

Question 13

Which one of the following best identifies the cultural landscape?

the natural resources of the earth

the natural landscape as modified by human occupancy

the landscape as modified by recent catastrophic events such as hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes

places where intense human activities have obliterated any trace of the natural landscape

Answer 13

the natural landscape as modified by human occupancy

Question 14

The term cultural landscape suggests the visible imprint of human activity upon the natural environment.

True

False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding the physical characteristics of a place is not ?

They can simultaneously present advantages and disadvantages with which humans must deal

They dictate exactly the manner in which people will live in an area

They may be changed by human intervention

They may refer to a locality’s climate and soil

Answer 15

They dictate exactly the manner in which people will live in an area

Question 16

The visible imprint of human activity is known as

spatial interaction.

the attributes of the setting.

the cultural landscape.

the natural landscape.

Answer 16

the cultural landscape.

Question 17

As opposed to absolute location, the concept of relative location

expresses spatial interconnection and interdependence.

is defined by an established measurement system.

is the same as mathematical location.

provides a legal description.

Answer 17

expresses spatial interconnection and interdependence.

Question 18

Diffusion rates of ideas or things are least affected by

distance.

weather.

population density.

means of communication.

Answer 18

weather.

Question 19

The term “location matters” refers to

absolute location.

connectivity.

distance decay.

relative location.

Answer 19

relative location.

Question 20

According to Strabo, the purpose of geography was to

caution civilizations against the assumption that the nature and actions of humans were determined by the physical environment.

create a global grid system.

describe known parts of the world and to assess the differences among countries.

explore the apparent latitudinal variations in climate.

Answer 20

describe known parts of the world and to assess the differences among countries.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true with respect to “places?”

They are unable to interact with other places

They have location

They may be large or small

They may have both physical and cultural characteristics

Answer 21

They are unable to interact with other places

Question 22

Geographers believe that the essential starting point for understanding how people live on and shape the earth’s surface is recognizing

absolute locations.

spatial patterns.

relative locations.

human interactions.

Answer 22

spatial patterns.

Question 23

Which of the following is not considered a feature of the natural landscape?

Canal

Lake

River

Brook

Answer 23

Canal

Question 24

What term refers to the increasing interconnection of all societies in all parts of the world?

Spatial diffusion

Networking

Globalization

Spatial interaction

Answer 24

Globalization

Question 25

Which of the following ly lists the five fundamental themes of geography?

Global, national, regional, local, micro

Skills and techniques, physical, cultural, environmental, location

Movement, regions, relationships within places, location, place

Area, space, trends, patterns, time

Answer 25

Movement, regions, relationships within places, location, place

Question 26

No map projection can depict shapes and areas as accurately as the globe.

True
False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

As one crosses the International Date Line going westward, the calendar day should be moved

back one day.
ahead one day.
ahead twelve hours.
back twelve hours.

Answer 27

ahead one day.

Question 28

The United States is the only country with satellites collecting remotely sensed data on the earth.

True
False

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Because maps are factual, they can never distort the truth.

True
False

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Every projection has some degree of distortion because

a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.

parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe.

the grid system is two-dimensional but the earth is three-dimensional.

a sphere is a developable surface.

Answer 30

a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.

Question 31

The steeper the slope, the closer together the contour lines rendering that slope.

True
False

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The Peters projection attempts to promote social justice by showing the true areas of developing countries.

True
False

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Which of the following properties of a globe is is not correct?

All lines of latitude are parallel to the equator and to each other

All meridians converge at the poles and are true north-south lines

Meridians and parallels intersect at right angles

Due to the slight flattening of the earth in polar regions, parallels increase in length as one nears the poles

Answer 33

Due to the slight flattening of the earth in polar regions, parallels increase in length as one nears the poles

Question 34

A computer-based set of procedures for handling geographically referenced information is known as

global positioning systems (GPS).

geographic information systems (GIS).

digitally integrated geography (DIG).

intelligent geographic design (IGD).

Answer 34

geographic information systems (GIS).

Question 35

If it is 5 p.m. at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, what time is it at 45° E longitude?

2 p.m.
8 p.m.
1 a.m.
11 p.m.

Answer 35

8 p.m.

Question 36

When mapping numerical data, a cartographer should use a projection that is

conformal.
topographic.
equidistant.
equal-area.

Answer 36

equal-area.

Question 37

A contour interval

is the vertical spacing between contour lines.

connects points of equal elevation above sea level.

is a single map in a topographic series.

heightens the graphic effect of a topographic map.

Answer 37

is the vertical spacing between contour lines.

Question 38

When one travels one fourth of the distance around the world along the same parallel of latitude, the number of time zones traversed is likely

6. 24.

Answer 38

6.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a thematic map type?

choropleth map

cartogram map

proportional symbol map

topographic map

Answer 39

topographic map

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major components of a geographic information system?

geographic database

pixel

computer hardware

computer software

Answer 40

pixel

Question 41

Meridians of longitude converge at the

equator

poles

International Date Line

Line of Greenwich

Answer 41

poles

Question 42

The map type best used to record not only the presence of a phenomenon but to suggest a visual impression of the pattern is

dot

choropleth

linear

cartogram

Answer 42

dot

Question 43

The contour intervals are much greater for flatter surfaces than for mountainous and steeper slopes

T/F

Answer 43

False

Question 44

The Peters projection falls into which category of map

Equal-area

conformal

equidistant

thematic

Answer 44

equal-area

Question 45

The projection used during the Cold War to exaggerate the Communist threat by distorting the areas of countries at high latitudes

cartogram

the Robinson projection

Goode’s Homolosine projection

the Mercator projection

Answer 45

the Mercator projection

Question 46

A map that accurately portrays the shapes of small areas is called

conformal

graphic

equivalent

compromise

Answer 46

conformal

Question 47

All of the following are key reference points in the grid system EXCEPT the

North and South Poles

Greenwich Village, New York

equator

prime meridian

Answer 47

Greenwich Village, New York

Question 48

The International Date Line generally follows the 49th parallel

T/F

Answer 48

False

Question 49

Which of the following is the largest scale map?

1: 8,000

1: 24,000

1: 50,000

1: 63,360

Answer 49

1: 8,000

Question 50

What is the angle of the intersection of all parallels and meridians on the earth?

30%

45%

60%

90%

Answer 50

90%

Question 51

The breaking up of rock by freezing and thawing is the result of

chemical weathering

mass wasting

erosion

mechanical weathering

Answer 51

mechanical weathering

Question 52

The Ridge and Valley region of Pennsylvania is a remnant of extensive folding

T/F

Answer 52

False

Question 53

An intrusive igneous rock is formed from

lava that cools rapidly on the earth’s surface

magma that cools slowly beneath the earth’s surface

other rocks that are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions beneath the earth’s surface

sediments that have accumulated under water in horizontal beds

Answer 53

magma that cools slowly beneath the earth’s surface

Question 54

The Ridge and Valley region of the eastern United States is the result of what force of diastrophism?

volcanism

warping

faulting

folding

Answer 54

folding

Question 55

Earthquakes are most often caused by

mass movement

gradational processes

pressure at lithospheric plate boundaries

hot spots

Answer 55

pressure at lithospheric plate boundaries

Question 56

which of the following is not a depositional landform?

delta

mesa

sandbar

alluvial fan

Answer 56

mesa

Question 57

the scientist who first proposed the idea of the existence of one supercontinent prior to its breakup millions of years ago is

Alfred Wegener

Charles Darwin

Alexander von Humboldt

William Morris Davis

Answer 57

Alfred Wegener

Question 58

Terrain created by an underground solution of limestone creating sinkholes and caverns is known as

karst topography

knob and kettle topography

belted topography

gradational topography

Answer 58

karst topography

Question 59

_____ is the great pressure acting on the plates that deforms them by folding, twisting, warping, breaking, or compressing rock.

volcanism

subduction

diastrophism

mass movement

Answer 59

diastrophism

Question 60

in the US, the greatest loess deposits are found mainly in the Mississippi River basin

T/F

Answer 60

True

Question 61

The largest areas of continental-size glaciers in the world today are in

the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayan Mountains

the Himalayan Mountains and the Andes Mountains

Siberia, Canada, and Alaska

Antarctica and Greenland

Answer 61

Antarctica and Greenland

Question 62

Limestone under certain conditions may undergo a metamorphosis to become

marble

gneiss

slate

granite

Answer 62

marble

Question 63

The sand grains that make up beaches originated mainly from

windblown materials from desert environments

the great rivers of the world

melting icebergs

coastal erosion and streams

Answer 63

coastal erosion and streams

Question 64

What are the three processes in which diastrophism is involved?

weathering, mass wasting, erosion

oxidation, hydrolysis, carbonation

broad warping, folding, faulting

subduction, seafloor spreading, transform movement

Answer 64

broad warping, folding, faulting

Question 65

Great fractures in the earth’s crust resulted in the creation through subsidence, of an extensive rift valley system in East Africa

T/F

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Theories of evolution of glaciers include, as possible causes, all of the following EXCEPT

periods of excessive dust in the atmosphere

changes in the shape, the tilt, and the seasonal positions of the earth’s orbit around the sun

the drifting of continental plates over tropical regions

the periodic changes in the amount of solar energy received on the earth’s surface

Answer 66

the drifting of the continental plates over tropical regions

Question 67

which of the following is not one of the principal agents of mechanical weathering?

frost

salt crystals

roots

chemical reaction

Answer 67

chemical reaction

Question 68

The earth’s crust is the outer, lighter portion of the

asthenosphere

lower mantle

lithosphere

outer core

Answer 68

lithosphere

Question 69

A tsunami is caused by

an underwater earthquake

a rockslide into the sea

the gravitational pull of the moon

an underwater lava flow

Answer 69

an underwater earthquake

Question 70

the study of origin, characteristics, and development of landforms is known as

cartography

limnology

geomorphology

demography

Answer 70

geomorphology

Question 71

which of the following groups contains processes caused only by mechanical weathering

frost action, root action, development of salt crystals

hydrolysis, oxidation, carbonation

frost action, carbonation, root action

development of salt crystals, oxidation, carbonation

Answer 71

frost action, root action, development of salt crystals

Question 72

glaciers move because

the weight of snow causes compaction at the base and the formation of ice, which becomes plastic-like

the gravitational pull on steep slopes causes avalanches that dislodge the snow accumulations

the rotation of the earth holds the snowfields back, thereby forcing them to move

tectonic forces from within the earth dislodge loose materials, such as great slabs of snow and ice

Answer 72

the weight of snow causes compaction at the base and the formation of ice, which becomes plastic-like

Question 73

For millions of years the Atlantic Ocean has been widening at the rate of about

1 mile per year

1 yard per year

1 foot per year

1 inch per year

Answer 73

1 inch per year

Question 74

the worlds tallest mountains were formed by

mechanical weathering

fluid basaltic lava flows

the collision of the Pacific and North American Plates

the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates

Answer 74

the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates

Question 75

Hurricane Sandy is a good example of a storm causing

a tsunami

coastal erosion

an earthquake induced cold front

tides

Answer 75

coastal erosion

Question 76

Which of the following move(s) in the Northern Hemisphere in a west-to-east direction around the earth in an undulating pattern?

the westerlies

the Coriolis effect

El Ni–o

the jet stream

Answer 76

the jet stream

Question 77

The type of cloud from which heavy rain falls is a

cirrus.

cirrostratus.

stratus.

cumulonimbus.

Answer 77

cumulonimbus

Question 78

Waves in the jet streams correspond to changes in the
Group of answer choices

vertical rays of the sun.

ocean tides in the mid-latitudes.

flow of warm and cold air masses into the mid-latitudes.

pull of gravity, causing earthquakes.

Answer 78

flow of warm and cold air masses into the mid-latitudes.

Question 79

Which of the following has not been suggested by scientists as an explanation of long-term climatic change?

The changing shape of the earth’s orbit around the sun

The varying tilt of the earth’s axis relative to the sun

The changing direction of the earth in its revolution around the sun

The gyration of the earth’s rotation axis

Answer 79

The changing direction of the earth in its revolution around the sun

Question 80

What type of climate is characterized by hot summers, mild or moderate winters, and plentiful rainfall distributed throughout the year?

marine west coast

Mediterranean

humid subtropical

humid continental

Answer 80

humid subtropical

Question 81

The dew point is the temperature at which condensation begins to occur.

True

False

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Land breezes usually occur at night, and sea breezes usually occur in the day.

True

False

Answer 82

True

Question 83

On a clear, cloudless night the reradiation process causes

rainfall, and perhaps a severe thunderstorm.

the earth to store more energy.

humidity to increase.

temperatures to decrease.

Answer 83

temperatures to decrease.

Question 84

Coastal deserts are usually the result of

warm ocean currents.

orographic precipitation.

cold ocean currents.

subtropical high pressure.

Answer 84

cold ocean currents.

Question 85

Characteristic vegetation of the steppe climate is

tundra.

deciduous forest.

coniferous forest.

grass and desert shrubs.

Answer 85

grass and desert shrubs.

Question 86

Temperature inversions have no effect on air pollution.

True

False

Answer 86

False

Question 87

Which statement is not true about the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect began with the Industrial Revolution

Carbon dioxoide is the primary greenhouse gas

The greenhouse effect slows down reradiation back into space

Deforestation adds to the greenhouse effect

Answer 87

The greenhouse effect began with the Industrial Revolution

Question 88

In order to equalize air pressure imbalances, air moves from

high pressure to high pressure.

high pressure to low pressure.

low pressure to low pressure.

low pressure to high pressure.

Answer 88

high pressure to low pressure.

Question 89

The three most important elements that make up weather are

temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.

precipitation, wind, and temperature.

temperature, wind, and solar energy.

climate, moisture, and solar energy.

Answer 89

precipitation, wind, and temperature.

Question 90

Which statement is NOT true of a sea breeze?

It is caused by differences in the heating of land and water.

It blows from land towards the sea.

It is a convectional circulation.

It makes living by the seashore more comfortable in warm climates.

Answer 90

It blows from land towards the sea.

Question 91

Which statement about air pressure is correct?

The greater the differences in air pressure between places, the greater the wind

Air pressure is lowest closer to the earth’s surface

High temperatures are associated with high air pressure

If distances between high- and low-pressure zones are short, wind velocities diminish

Answer 91

The greater the differences in air pressure between places, the greater the wind

Question 92

A typhoon and a hurricane are essentially the same phenomenon.

True

False

Answer 92

True

Question 93

Tropical climates (A) of the Köppen system do NOT include

Tropical rain forest

Monsoon

Savanna

Hot Deserts

Answer 93

Hot Deserts

Question 94

In the Northern Hemisphere, the trade winds blow

from the southeast.

between the subtropical high and equatorial low.

from low to high pressure regions.

from a general westerly direction.

Answer 94

between the subtropical high and equatorial low.

Question 95

A temperature inversion occurs when

there is a sudden drop in temperature.

the normal diurnal cycle of cool mornings and warm afternoons is reversed.

air at lower altitudes is cooler than air aloft.

smog increases to dangerous levels.

Answer 95

air at lower altitudes is cooler than air aloft.

Question 96

Precipitation is generally more variable in dry regions than in areas with higher average annual precipitation.

True

False

Answer 96

True

Question 97

What type of precipitation is caused by air being heated at the surface of the earth?

convectional

conductional

orographic

cyclonic

Answer 97

convectional

Question 98

The Fujita scale is used to measure the strength of

tornadoes.

hurricanes.

blizzards.

tsunami.

Answer 98

tornadoes

Question 99

Wind movements in the Northern Hemisphere tend to be deflected in what direction?

North

South

Left

Right

Answer 99

right

Question 100

When neither the Northern nor the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the noon sun’s vertical rays are felt at

23.5° north and south latitude.

the equator.

67.5° north and south latitude.

the summer solstice.

Answer 100

the equator

Question 101

One of the principal reasons for the notable decline in death rates in Europe, beginning after 1860, was
Group of answer choices

the introduction of penicillin and other antibiotics.

the reduction in population pressure due to large-scale emigration.

the eradication of man-made diseases.

the reduction of deaths due to epidemics.

Answer 101

the introduction of penicillin and other antibiotics.

Question 102

Reductions in death rates globally can be attributed to
Group of answer choices

decreases in the birth rate.

the use of antibiotics, vaccinations and pesticides.

immigration.

the discovery of isolated rural areas of developed countries.

Answer 102

the use of antibiotics, vaccinations and pesticides.

Question 103

Which of the following characteristics of a national population is NOT evident from its population pyramid?
Group of answer choices

age structure

sex structure

dependency ratio

infant mortality rate

Answer 103

infant mortality rate

Question 104

Total population divided by arable land, which provides an expression of population pressure exerted on agricultural land, gives
Group of answer choices

crude density.

arithmetic density.

physiological density.

agricultural density.

Answer 104

physiological density.

Question 105

The consequences of zero population growth does not include
Group of answer choices

a growing labor force.

increasing old age dependency ratio.

increasing proportion of older citizens.

higher pension and social service costs.

Answer 105

a growing labor force.

Question 106

The portions of the earth’s surface permanently inhabited by humans make up the
Group of answer choices

environment.

ecosphere.

ecumene.

biome.

Answer 106

ecumene.

Question 107

The decline in China’s birth rate is attributable to female empowerment.
Group of answer choices

True

False

Answer 107

t

Question 108

Overpopulation occurs at densities above 2,500 per square mile.
Group of answer choices

True

False

Answer 108

f

Question 109

In which age cohort have the greatest declines in mortality occurred?
Group of answer choices

85+

45–64

15–19

<1

Answer 109

<1

Question 110

Which one of the following areas has the densest population?
Group of answer choices

South America

Europe

Canada

United States

Figure 06.21

Answer 110

Europe

Question 111

One-quarter to one-third of global mortality is due to
Group of answer choices

war.

malnutrition.

infectious and parasitic diseases.

cancer.

Answer 111

infectious and parasitic diseases.

Question 112

The crude death rate for wealthy Western Europe is much higher than that for Central America because
Group of answer choices

foreign aid and free medical services are widely available in Central America.

higher urbanization in Western Europe increases the incidence of infectious diseases.

Western Europe has a higher proportion of old people.

tropical areas, including Central America, generally have healthier climates than northern latitude regions.

Answer 112

Western Europe has a higher proportion of old people.

Question 113

Which of the following explains why there are significantly more males than females in some regions of the world, including south and west Asia?
Group of answer choices

Poverty

More females migrate to other countries than males

Males are hardier and more resistant to disease than females

There is a cultural preference for males that has meant neglect and death for girls

Answer 113

There is a cultural preference for males that has meant neglect and death for girls

Question 114

Zero population growth (ZPG)
Group of answer choices

refers to an exact equation of births and deaths.

implies an unchanging population age structure.

implies a wide base to the population pyramid.

results when immigration matches emigration.

Answer 114

refers to an exact equation of births and deaths.

Question 115

Population growth is associated with which stages of the demographic transition model?
Group of answer choices

1 and 2

2 and 3

3 and 4

4 and 5

Answer 115

2 and 3

Question 116

Which country is well-known for a very stringent population policy of one child per family?
Group of answer choices

India

Japan

Nicaragua

China

Answer 116

China

Question 117

Developing countries have compressed within a very few years the mortality reductions that took Western Europe a century or more to achieve.
Group of answer choices

True

False

Answer 117

t

Question 118

The continent with the highest total fertility rates overall is
Group of answer choices

Africa.

Asia.

South America.

Europe.

Answer 118

Africa

Question 119

Carrying capacity is
Group of answer choices

the maximum biomass an environment will produce.

a function of distance decay.

the maximum number of people that can be supported by available resources and technology.

a reflection of cultural diffusion.

Answer 119

the maximum number of people that can be supported by available resources and technology.

Question 120

What is the number of years required for a country’s population to double, assuming a growth rate of approximately 20 people per 1,000 each year?
Group of answer choices

20 years

25 years

30 years

35 years

Answer 120

35 years

Question 121

Which of the following is not considered one of the four great clusters of population?
Group of answer choices

Northeastern U.S./southeastern Canada

South Asia

South America

Europe

Answer 121

South America

Question 122

If a country has a natural increase rate of 2.0 percent, how long will it take to double its population?
Group of answer choices

2 years

22 years

35 years

70 years

Answer 122

35 years

Question 123

Presently, the highest rates of natural increase in population are found in which region of the world?
Group of answer choices

Africa

North America

Europe

South America

Answer 123

Africa

Question 124

Robert Malthus did NOT believe that
Group of answer choices

The biological potential for population growth is less than the potential for increasing food supplies.

Equilibrium will be achieved between numbers and support services

If unchecked, human population would increase at a geometric rate while food supplies expanded at an arithmetic rate.

Humans must restrain their reproductive capacity or nature would enact destructive checks.

Answer 124

The biological potential for population growth is less than the potential for increasing food supplies.

Question 125

The nonecumene is discontinuous and found on all continents.
Group of answer choices

True

False

Answer 125

True

Question 126

Which of the following is not an example of material culture?

Furniture

Tools

Folk songs

Musical instruments

Answer 126

Folk songs

Question 127

The smallest distinctive item of culture is called a

culture norm.

culture complex.

culture trait.

cultural landscape.

Answer 127

culture trait.

Question 128

Pidgin and creole languages are distinguished from one another by the fact that pidgin

may be based on any European language; creole is always a French dialect.

is always a second language for all its speakers; creole has become a distinctive first language of a society.

is a simplified European language taught to native populations; creole is a simplified native language.

is any invented language of Asia and the Pacific; creole is based on French and found in the Caribbean.

Answer 128

is always a second language for all its speakers; creole has become a distinctive first language of a society.

Question 129

what is the principal ethnic religion of India?

Answer 129

Hinduism

Question 130

The spread of English as a worldwide language was the result of

the success of England and the United States in World Wars I and II.

international agreements upon a common language to avoid the confusion of multiple European tongues.

the connection between use of English and receipt of foreign aid by developing countries.

the establishment of overseas colonies and former English dominance in world trade.

Answer 130

the establishment of overseas colonies and former English dominance in world trade.

Question 131

Language is part of which cultural subsystem?

Technological

Sociological

Material

Ideological

Answer 131

Ideological

Question 132

Most dialects have a spatial pattern.

True

False

Answer 132

True

Question 133

What is the language family that includes languages of both South Asia and Europe?

Answer 133

Indo-European

Question 134

Depopulation of the Chaco Canyon settlements was caused by abrupt and disastrous climatic change.

True

False

Answer 134

False

Question 135

All the universalizing religions had their origin hearths in Southwest Asia.

True

False

Answer 135

False

Question 136

The viewpoint that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development is called

environmental determinism.

possibilism.

syncretism.

civilization.

Answer 136

possibilism.

Question 137

A shaman is generally associated with what type of religion?

Ethnic religion

Tribal religion

Universalizing religion

Secularism

Answer 137

Tribal religion

Question 138

Which one of the following languages belongs to the same language subfamily with English?

German

Spanish

French

Russian

Answer 138

German

Question 139

Which language has the greatest number of speakers?

English

Spanish

Arabic

Mandarin

Answer 139

Mandarin

Question 140

The one way in which culture is NOT transmitted to younger generations is by

imitation.

mutation.

instruction.

example.

Answer 140

mutation.

Question 141

When immigrants to a country give up many of their past cultural traits, lose their distinguishing characteristics and merge into the mainstream of the dominant culture, they are said to have

acculturated.

amalgamated.

adapted.

assimilated.

Answer 141

assimilated

Question 142

The smallest distinctive items of culture, which range from tools used, to games played, are known as

archetypals.

representatives.

traits.

emblems.

Answer 142

traits.

Question 143

Swahili, the national language of Kenya and Tanzania, is an example of a

Khoisan language.

Creole language.

Pidgin language.

dialect.

Answer 143

Creole language.

Question 144

Buddhism in China and Japan has completely obliterated the local indigenous traditions.

True

False

Answer 144

False

Question 145

The term used to recognize socially created distinctions between males and females in duties assigned and rewards afforded to each is

amalgamation.

syncretism.

vernacular.

gender.

Answer 145

gender.

Question 146

Ethnic communities are composed of populations with distinguishing

cultural heritages.

citizenship and political affiliations.

racial characteristics.

music and food preferences.

Answer 146

cultural heritages.

Question 147

The spread of culture traits from one area to other areas is called

diffusion.

innovation.

civilization.

modernization.

Answer 147

diffusion.

Question 148

Examples of the worldwide diffusion of English include all of the following EXCEPT

over 70 percent of internet pages are in English.

it is one of two working languages at the United Nations.

it is the accepted language for international air traffic control.

it is the official language of 60 countries, including the United States.

Answer 148

it is the official language of 60 countries, including the United States.

Question 149

The status of women is a cultural spatial variable because

women are found all over the world.

gender relationships and role assignments differ among societies.

women are biologically different from men.

women do different kinds of work.

Answer 149

gender relationships and role assignments differ among societies.

Question 150

The present day spatial distribution of Buddhism is best described as

China, Tibet, Siberia, Korea.

Northern India, China, Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asia, Tibet, China, Mongolia, Japan.

Tibet, India, Middle East, Japan.

Answer 150

Southeast Asia, Tibet, China, Mongolia, Japan.

Question 151

Most migration decisions are based upon assessments of alternate economic opportunities.
Group of answer choices

True

False

Answer 151

True

Question 152

If freedom of movement is not restricted, it is not unusual for as many as what percent of all migrants to return to their place of origin?

10 percent

25 percent

33 percent

50 percent

Answer 152

25 percent

Question 153

Spatial diffusion declines rapidly with distance. With migration behavior, one expects places close to one another to have a greater rate of migration than places far from one another.

True

False

Answer 153

True

Question 154

What term refers to the decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from the point of origin?

Critical distance

Friction of distance

Distance decay

Time-distance

Answer 154

Distance decay

Question 155

Which one of the following is considered a pull factor in regard to migration?

nomads fleeing famine and a spreading desert in the Sahel

high unemployment in Appalachia

amenities of living in Australia

persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany

Answer 155

amenities of living in Australia

Question 156

The tendency for some migrations to fail leads to

hierarchical migration.

spatial search migration.

channelized migration.

countermigration.

Answer 156

countermigration

Question 157

Which would most likely not be a push factor for migration?

An earthquake

Religious persecution

Inability to find suitable employment at home

A mild climate

Answer 157

A mild climate

Question 158

Which one of the following major recent international migration streams is correctly paired with its chief fundamental cause?

from Russia to Israel-drought

from the Sahel to southward in Africa-political

from Iraq to Lebanon, Syria, and Iran-war, terrorism

from Mexico to the United States-political

Answer 158

from Iraq to Lebanon, Syria, and Iran-war, terrorism

Question 159

The age group in the U.S. that is most likely to move is

youth, 10-14 years.

young adults 20-24 years.

empty nesters, 50-59 years.

retirees, 65-69 years.

Answer 159

young adults 20-24 years.

Question 160

Areas that dominate a locale’s immigration and emigration patterns are known as

migration fields.

migration venues.

migration hierarchies.

migration spaces.

Answer 160

migration fields.

Question 161

Determination of the critical distance can be affected by

health, education, and welfare.

innovation, diffusion, and acculturation.

cost, effort, and time.

age, sex, and ethnicity.

Answer 161

cost, effort, and time.

Question 162

The tendency for individuals in domestic relocations to move from small places to larger ones is known as

counter migration.

channelized migration.

return migration.

hierarchical migration.

Answer 162

hierarchical migration.

Question 163

The graph of the cumulative number of adopters of an innovation versus time resembles

a S-shaped curve.

a J-shaped curve.

a bell-shaped curve.

a distance decay curve.

Answer 163

a S-shaped curve.

Question 164

The value of a place as a migration destination is known as its

critical distance.

directional bias.

place utility.

spatial search.

Answer 164

place utility.

Question 165

Which of the following features does not constitute a barrier to diffusion?

The Internet

Cultural factors

Physical features

Political systems

Answer 165

The Internet

Question 166

Because it is such a recent phenomenon, the telecommunications revolution has had limited effect on spatial interaction patterns.

True

False

Answer 166

False

Question 167

The claim of an area as home ground and the defensive measures taken to defend it have specific reference to the term

cognition.

homogeneity.

natural selection.

territoriality.

Answer 167

territoriality.

Question 168

Spatial diffusion would most likely be used to explain the distribution of

land values.

severe storm activity.

a new technology.

climates.

Answer 168

a new technology.

Question 169

Globalization is affected by all but which of the following?

global marketing

political integration

international banking

place utility integration

Answer 169

place utility integration

Question 170

Among the reasons for migrating, push factors

draw migrants to specific destinations.

reflect assessments of action space attraction.

affect international migration but not domestic relocation.

encourage relocation away from original residence areas.

Answer 170

encourage relocation away from original residence areas.

Question 171

People’s perception of the world usually tends to exaggerate the importance of nearby areas.

True

False

Answer 171

True

Question 172

The concept of territoriality refers to

topophilia.

activity space.

emotional attachment and defense of home ground.

the perception of opportunities and attractiveness.

Answer 172

emotional attachment and defense of home ground.

Question 173

According to the United Nations Development Fund, some 30 percent of the world’s population lives on less than _____ per day.

$1

$10

$100

$1000

Answer 173

$1

Question 174

Human interaction does NOT include

Spatial interactions

Facebook and Twitter

Spreading of communicable diseases

Attending sporting events

Answer 174

Attending sporting events

Question 175

Companies that have headquarters in one country and subsidiary companies and other facilities in several countries are known as

global partnerships (GPs).

outsourcing organizations (OOs).

transnational corporations (TNCs).

flexible spenders (Fss).

Answer 175

transnational corporations (TNCs).

Question 176

Many Americans divide the United States into culturally defined “perceptual” regions such as the South, New England, and the Southwest. Discuss the validity of “perceptual” regions, and how those perceptions may be correct or incorrect as they pertain to the United States.

Answer 176

A perceptual region is an area created by the perception of those who live within it rather than by official boundaries or features. For example, many people in the U.S. debate on whether or not some states are in the South or Midwest. These regions are formed by the inhabitants’ shared feelings about an area, showing the culture and shared experiences of those who live there. These regions are ever-changing because of the evolution of people’s perceptions of their environment. To say that a perceptual region may be incorrect is like saying someone’s religious beliefs are wrong. While you may not agree, there’s much to learn from understanding the background. By learning the context of how and why a person formed their beliefs, which are often influenced by geographic or cultural factors, you can uncover deeper insights. Similarly, the way someone feels about the place they live can also uncover hidden meanings. It doesn’t matter whether or not the perceptual region is actually right or wrong. They’re important because they reveal information about an area’s social, historical, and political patterns.

Question 177

Among other things, Chapter 2 examines aspects of map making that influence government policy and public perception. What did you learn about government concerns with spying and personal privacy issues raised by new technologies? And, in the “Red States, Blue States” section (p. 36), how are maps used to alter perceptions of voting trends in the United States?

Answer 177

Government concerns with new technologies are opening opportunities for personal privacy issues and spying in a multitude of ways. One way these technologies can be misused is interference with political or militaristic affairs outside of their legal boundaries. For example, satellite images can be used to gain advantages in wars. From the satellite images, users, such as terrorists or other countries, are able to see the locations of military equipment and soldiers. Another way these can be abused is by commercial companies selling these images beyond their legal boundaries.

Maps are used to alter perceptions of voting trends in the US by using information in a misleading way. For example, one map shows the electoral votes in the 2016 election. The popular vote was won by blue voters, yet the electoral vote was won by red voters. The map itself is not incorrect in representing the electoral vote, yet its misleading by not being proportionate to each state’s total population of voters. Not only does it not represent voters in states that voted the opposite color, but it also does not represent the proportionate sizes of each state’s votes. This can mislead citizens in believing that their votes don’t count or that their small, densely populated state does not contribute as much as a large, not-so-densely populated state.

Question 178

Beach towns such as Gulf Shores and Orange Beach (on the Gulf coast of Alabama) are popular vacation destinations. However, many coastal areas are threatened in ways that endanger those beaches. Why are beaches considered “On the Brink”? And what larger problems do threatened beaches point towards?

Answer 178

In beach towns, popular vacation destinations located on shores/coasts, are threatened by both natural processes and human activities. Beaches are dynamic environments, meaning natural processes are always changing the landscape. Processes such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and floods from storms induce rapid change by destroying coastlines in a short amount of time. Beach erosion also changes beaches constantly, caused by both natural and human activities. Suspended loads carry sediments important for the accumulation of sand onto beaches. Weathering and erosion, natural processes, take sediment from mountains to beaches. Human activities such as dams can trap sediment upstream, changing the natural flow of sediment.

About 40% of the US’s population alone lives along coastlines, highlighting the dangers of changing the natural flow of sediment. As climate change and natural processes push the coastlines deeper into land, those who live on and around the beach are in danger of losing their investments. To protect those investments, cities fund beach replenishment to restore the coast by taking sands from offshore sandbars. This can have harmful effects to the ecosystems from which the sand is taken from, thus impacting all life on Earth. Threatened beaches emphasize the huge impact humans have on the Earth and the harmful effects that come with it.

Question 179

How come so many Americans choose to ignore the threat posed by climate change, and why are we lukewarm on supporting politicians and government policies that aim to reduce the effects of climate change? Are we, as Americans, so politically divided and polarized, that we cannot get past our concerns about gun rights and abortion rights in order to unite against a threat that is both real and measurable, and affects literally every person on Earth? Or, have climate change deniers made a persuasive case that there’s nothing wrong, it’s a hoax, or just a natural cycle, and there’s nothing to worry about?

Answer 179

I think that there are many factors that contribute to a large number of Americans not believing in the threat posed by climate change or believing that it even exists. The harsh reality is that a lot of Americans, particularly conservatives and Christians, do not want to believe that they, as humans, are responsible for climate change. For some of those people, any form of change or progression is thought to have a negative impact on the United States. The reason for some Christians may be that only God can “control” the weather. Put simply, the lack of education and refusal to educate is the main reason that many Americans do not prioritize climate change when it comes to their political decisions.

Another factor is that many people think that focusing on the environment is a waste of time and money. Their only interests, especially in politics, are based on money and power. Many people do not care about the future of humans or the earth; the only thing that matters is that they are comfortable. This selfishness is exactly why political issues such as abortion and gun rights are more in focus than the earth. To them, only now matters. Climate change, abortion, and gun rights are all important issues that should be taken just as seriously as the other.

Question 180

Based on readings found on pages 120 and 123 of your textbook, why is pregnancy a death sentence for millions of women in developing countries? And, why are women going “missing” around the world?

Answer 180

Pregnancy is a death sentence for millions of women in developing countries because of the lack of proper healthcare and nutrition. Nearly 830 women die each day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth such as complications during delivery, unsafe abortions, and AIDS. While these causes may be preventable, social, cultural, and economic barriers restrict women from receiving help. As a result, 1 in 17 women in Sierra Leone, for example, will die due to pregnancy.

Women are going “missing” around the world because of cultural norms and practices that consist of a preference for boys over girls. Those from many Asian and southeastern European countries has resulted in sex-selective abortions, female infanticide, abandonment, and neglect towards females. In most countries, the ratio of boys to girls is about even. In these countries, however, the ratio favors boys. This sex imbalance may intensify sex trafficking of women and girls, leading to even more missing women.

Question 181

Discuss the relationship between innovation and cultural change, and why some societies and religions–or smaller groups in a larger society or religion–either reject or do not readily embrace innovation

Answer 181

Some culture groups are not ready to adopt or adjust to cultural changes such as innovation. To many people, their culture represents their way of life. Innovation, or new methods, products, or ideas, threaten culture groups because it tends to replace them. Folk culture is known as the traditional way of life characteristic of a homogeneous, cohesive, large self-sufficient group that is essentially isolated from or resistant to outside influences. In other words, it a group of people that is ruled by tradition and highly resistant to change. Folk cultures, such as the Old Order Amish, reject new innovation sine they see it as a threat to their way of life. For example, the Old Order Amish have rejected electricity, internal combustion engines, and other modern technology. This is because they want to preserve their culture.

Other culture groups are ready to adopt to and adjust to cultural changes. These groups are known as popular culture groups and change constantly over time. While popular culture replaces folk culture, it also exposes individuals to new ways of life.

Question 182

After reading the chapter, revisit pages 206-7, “Geography and Public Policy: Broken Borders.” Read all nine questions under the “Considering the Issues” section. Thinking about them, provide a thoughtful response to #3: “What reason can you think of to explain why anti-immigrant sentiment is directed chiefly against unauthorized immigrants from Latin America? Will such feelings eventually fade, as did earlier ones about the immigration of Irish Catholics, Chinese, Eastern Europeans, and other groups?”

Answer 182

Anti-immigrant sentiment is directed mostly at illegal immigrants from Latin America for several reasons. One reason is because immigrants from Latin America, especially Mexico, are geographically closer and can more easily migrate into the country. Another is because political narratives and media sometimes spread misinformation about immigrants. In the most recent presidential debate, Trump spoke of illegal immigrants as criminals. Research has shown that illegal immigrants actually commit crimes less often than American citizens. False narratives that politicians spread have contributed widely to the general anti-immigrant sentiment against Latin Americans. Another reason is that a large number of Americans are afraid that illegal immigrants will steal their jobs. However, the textbooks states that most Latin American immigrants are unskilled workers and “…find work in agricultural fields, animal slaughtering and meat packaging facilities, construction, hotels, and gardeners” (pg. 205). It is uncommon for unskilled jobs to have much competition. Most times, illegal immigrants fill labor gaps and benefit the economy.

It's hard to say whether or not the feelings will fade similarly to the ones about the immigration of Irish Catholics, Chinese, and Eastern Europeans. The political climate is a bit different than it was when these groups immigrated because of the intense false narratives pushed by politicians and the immigrant's lack of documentation. Social media and new technology also makes it much easier than before for false information to be spread quickly. Hopefully, anti-immigrant sentiment towards Latin Americans will fade eventually. Considering that Latinos make up a large percentage of the population, it's likely that they will eventually be accepted.