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CHEM131 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms

A

small microscopic particles that are the building blocks of ordinary matter

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2
Q

Molecules

A

substances formed when 2+ atoms come together

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3
Q

Solid Matter

A

stone or molecules pack closely together in fixed locations
- atoms and molecules vibrate but do not move past each other
- fixed volume, rigid shape

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4
Q

Liquid Matter

A

atoms or molecules pack as close as in solid matter
—> but nice relative to each other
- fixed volume, not fixed shape

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5
Q

Gaseous Matter

A

atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them
- free to move relative to another
- compressible

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6
Q

pure substance

A

matter made up of only one component, and its composition is invariant (it does not vary from one sample to another)

compounds (H2O) or elements (He)

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7
Q

mixture

A

composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another

heterogeneous or homogeneous

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8
Q

element

A

cannot be chemically broken down into a smaller substance
e.g. helium

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9
Q

compound

A

substance composed of two or more elements (in this case, hydrogen and oxygen) in a fixed, definite proportion
e.g. H2O

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10
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

atoms or molecules within them not mixed uniformly
e.g. wet sand

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11
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

uniform compositions because the atoms or molecules that compose them mix uniformly
e.g. sweet tea

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12
Q

Cathode Ray Experiment

A

by JJ Thomson
discovered electron and mass to change ratio
air inside apparatus (partially evacuated chamber) subject to high voltage cathode ray from cathode (negative charge electrode) to anode (positive charge electrode)
–> affinity to positive charge

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13
Q

f orbital

A

bottom of periodic table, starts with n=4
l = 3
ml = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3

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14
Q

s orbital

A

left side, start with hydrogen
sphere shape
s=0, ml = 0

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15
Q

p orbital

A

2 lobes, far right of periodic table
starts with n=2
l = 1
ml = -1, 0, 1

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16
Q

d orbital

A

middle of periodic table, 4 lobes or 2 lobes with donut
starts with n=3

l = 2
ml = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2

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17
Q

alkali metals

A

group 1A , lose 1 e-

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18
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

group 2A, form alkaline solution, most lose 2 e-

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19
Q

metalloids

A

mixed properties, semi conductors
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At
next to these are nonmetals

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20
Q

halogens

A

group 7A, reactive nonmetals
gain 1 e-

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21
Q

noble gases

A

group 8A, unreactive

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22
Q

ionic bond

A

oppositely charged ions
name of metal (cation) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide

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23
Q

Variable Changing Ionic Bonds

A

usually transition metals
name of cation (metal) + (charge of cation in roman numeral) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide

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24
Q

Pb

A

lead

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25
Q

IV

A

4

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26
Q

B

A

boron

27
Q

Ge

A

germanium

28
Q

As

A

arsenic

29
Q

Sb

A

antimony

30
Q

Te

A

tellurium

31
Q

At

A

astanine

32
Q

hydrated ionic compounds

A

has water
metal + (charge) + nonmetal anion + ide + prefix + hydrate

33
Q

covalent compounds

A

prefix + name of 1st element +prefix + base name of second element + ide

34
Q

1

A

mono

35
Q

2

A

di

36
Q

3

A

tri

37
Q

4

A

tetra

38
Q

5

A

penta

39
Q

6

A

hexa

40
Q

7

A

hepta

41
Q

8

A

octa

42
Q

9

A

nona

43
Q

10

A

deca

44
Q

naming acids

A

formula has h as first element

45
Q

binary acids

A

2 elements
hydro + base name of nonmetal + ic + acid

46
Q

oxyacid

A

contain oxygen

47
Q

oxyanion ending with -ate

A

base name of oxyanion + -ic + acid

48
Q

oxyanion ending with -ite

A

base name of oxyanion + -ous + acid

49
Q

density formula

A

d = m/v
density = mass/volume

50
Q

1 mL is equal to

hint: cm

A

1 cm^3

51
Q

1 mL is equal to

hint: stay in L

A

10^-3 L

52
Q

1 nm equal to

A

10^-9 m

53
Q

s^-1 is the same as

A

Hz

54
Q

Kelvin equation

A

K = C + 273.15

55
Q

temp water freezes

A

0 C

56
Q

temp water boils

A

100 C

57
Q

Atomic mass equation

A

atomic mass = summation (fraction isotope) x (mass isotope)

aka add all of the abundances times individual atomic masses

58
Q

visible light spectrum

A

400-750 nm

59
Q

density of water

A

interpretation: 1 milliliter of water hs a mass of 1 g
1 g/mL

60
Q

Hg

A

mercury

61
Q

irregular filling patters

A

chromium group and copper group

62
Q

chromium group filling pattern

A

[Ar]4s13d5

63
Q

Coppers Group filling pattern

A

[Ar]4s13d10

CHEM131 (2 decks)

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