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NURS-114 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are three risk factors for previous infective endocarditis?

A

IV drug use, prior history endocarditis, invasive procedures

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2
Q

what is infective endocarditis?

A

infection of inner heart

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3
Q

what are some common signs and symptoms of endocarditis?

A

osler’s nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhage, fever

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3
Q

what should you do before administering antibiotics?

A

get a blood culture

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4
Q

what medicines are used for endocarditis?

A

IV antibiotics

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5
Q

what is a common complication of endocarditis?

A

embolic event (pieces of fragments of vegetation break free from valve and travel to other parts of the body through the blood)

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6
Q

what are signs and symptoms of myocarditis?

A

heart failure, dysrhythmias, shortness of breath

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7
Q

what should you teach your pt with myocarditits?

A

avoid strenuous activites until released by doctor and take full meds

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8
Q

what are signs and symptoms of pericarditis?

A

pleuritic and friction rub with heart

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9
Q

what is the goal of medicine with pericarditis?

A

alleviate pain

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10
Q

what medications are used for pericarditis

A

aspirin, NSAIDS, anti-inflammatories, colchine

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11
Q

what is stenosis?

A

obstructing forward flow due to the stiffening of the valves

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12
Q

what actions should you do for your pt with pericarditis?

A

keep HOB elevated

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13
Q

what is regurgitation?

A

obstructing backwards flow

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14
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of valvular disease?

A

weight gain, edema, cool/pale extremities with weak pulse, murmur, sob, dysrhythmia

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15
Q

someone with valve replacement will require

A

anticoagulants for life

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16
Q

what is coronary artery disease?

A

obstruction/dysfunction of coronary blood vessels that supply oxygen rich blood to the heart

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17
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease?

A

pain down left arm, jaw, and back, short of breath, fatigue, dizziness, diaphoresis

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18
Q

what are the types of angina?

A

stable, unstable, prinzmetals

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19
Q

what are the modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease?

A

smoking, high cholesterol, low hdl, high ldl, high triglycerides, increased bp, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress, alcohol

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20
Q

what is ischemia?

A

imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand

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21
Q

what is infarction?

A

cell death from prolonged ischemia

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22
Q

when does stable angina occur?

A

with activity

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23
Q

if a patient gets chest pain when they are mowing the yard, what do they have?

A

stable angina

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24
Q

stable angina is alleviated with

A

rest and or medication

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25
Q

stable angina can progress to

A

unstable angina

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26
Q

when does unstable angina happen/

A

at rest

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27
Q

what do you give for unstable angina?

A

nitroglycerin or aspirin

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28
Q

unstable angina occurs…

A

rapidly

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29
Q

what does prinzmetal’s/variant angina occur from?

A

coronary artery spasm

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30
Q

when does prinzmetal’s angina occur?

A

at rest or in clusters

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31
Q

when does prinzmetal’s angina typically occur?

A

at night between midnight and 0800

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32
Q

what medicine is used for prinzmetal’s angina?

A

calcium channel blockers (end in pine)

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33
Q

what labs do you get for CAD?

A

total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, CK, CK-MB, troponin

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34
Q

what is the most important lab to get for heart?

A

troponin

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35
Q

if you are putting an EKG on someone and they have long hair, what can you do?

A

clip their hair

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36
Q

what should you teach your pt before they have a stress test?

A

no beta blockers, npo, no caffiene

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37
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosing CAD?

A

coronary angiography/cardiac catheterization

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38
Q

what should you hold before a heart cath?

A

metformin 24-48 hours before

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39
Q

before an angiography what should you check for?

A

allergies to shellfish

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40
Q

what should you look at before a heart cath?

A

CBC, h&h, platelet count, and electrolyte levels, BUN and creatinine

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41
Q

you may need to give what before a heart cath?

A

fluids

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42
Q

if a pt is allergic to the dye for a heart catheter, what should you do?

A

give IV benadryl or IV predinosone

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43
Q

what is nitroglycerin used for?

A

chest pain

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44
Q

how does nitroglycerin work?

A

improves blood flow and oxygen supply

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45
Q

what route is nitroglycerin given where it works fast?

A

sublingual

46
Q

if you are applying nitroglycerin paste, what should you make sure you do/

A

wear gloves when applying

47
Q

if your pt needs nitroglycerin, what medicine should you look out for and use caution if they are using this?

A

sildenafil

48
Q

what does nitroglycerin + sildenafil do?

A

lower bp

49
Q

what should you monitor if you are giving your pt nitroglycerin?

A

blood pressure

50
Q

what are some anitplatelets?

A

aspirin, clopidogrel, dipuridamole, ticlopidine

51
Q

what is the #1 prescriped antiplatelet?

A

clopidogrel

52
Q

what should you monitor when administering antiplatelets?

A

watch platelet count

53
Q

if your pt has chest pain and take nitroglycerin after 3 x for 5 minutes they should…

A

call HCP

54
Q

what does a left heart cath visualize/

A

coronaries

55
Q

how is a left heart cath accessed?

A

through femoral, brachial, or radial arteries

56
Q

how is women’s chest pain different from mens?

A

they have fatigue, jaw pain

57
Q

what is the surgical management of coronary artery disease?

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

58
Q

a patient is given what before a heart cath?

A

mild sedative such as versed or fentanyl

59
Q

what should you verify before a PCI is performed?

A

anticoagulants have been stopped

60
Q

what should you do for a pt after PCI?

A

have pt on bed rest with HOB no higher than 30 degrees

61
Q

what should you do to the extremity access site after a PCI?

A

immobolize it

62
Q

what should you monitor for after a pci?

A

bleeding, hematomas, pulses, neurovascular check, ekc, chest pain

63
Q

what should you teach your pt who has CAD?

A

stop smoking

64
Q

what medicines are given for CAD?

A

nitrate, morphine

65
Q

what is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

sinoatrial node

66
Q

the autonomic nervous system works…

A

automatically

67
Q

if your pt has a normal sinus rhythm, what should you do?

A

continue to monitor them

68
Q

what is the treatment of sinus bradycardia if they are symptomatic?

A

atropine or transcutaneous pacemaker

69
Q

who has sinus bradycardia?

A

well trained athletes, sleep, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, vagal stimulation, hypothyroidism and inferior MI

70
Q

sinus tachycardia is caused by?

A

fever, MI, anemia, stress, decrease BP, caffiene, pain

71
Q

if someone has tachycardia because they are in pain and have a fever, what could fix it/

A

ibuprofen

72
Q

what is the treatment of premature atrial contractions?

A

monitor frequency

73
Q

what are common complications of atrial fibrilation?

A

clot formation

74
Q

what is the treatment of atrial fibrilation?

A

rate control medicines, antiarrhythmic medications, ablation, cardioversion

75
Q

what rate control medicines does someone with a fib get?

A

digoxin, beta blockers (“olol”, calcium channel blockers (verapamil, “pine”)

76
Q

what is important to remember about atrial fibrilation?

A

there is no p wave

77
Q

what are complications of atrial flutters?

A

clots

78
Q

what is the treatment of atrial flutters?

A

monitor, rate control medicines (digoxin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers), antiarrhythmic medicines (amiodarone), cardioversion

79
Q

superventricular tachycardia have a rate of

A

150 or higher

80
Q

what is the first treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

vagal stimulation (bare down)

81
Q

what medicines are given to someone with SVT/

A

adenosine, calcium chanel blockers, beta blockers, miodarone

82
Q

what does the QRS look like on a premature ventricular contraction?

A

wide and wicked

83
Q

what does premature ventricular contractions indicate?

A

irritabliity

84
Q

what are premature ventricular contractions caused by?

A

electrolyte imbalances

85
Q

how do you know if it is a pvd?

A

drops below the line

86
Q

what is transcutaneous pacing? when is it used?

A

used to pace up the heart rate. used in sinus brady

87
Q

proper function of a pacemaker is indicated by a

A

pace spike before the complex

88
Q

what tests would you expect after symptoms like jaw pain, diaphoresis?

A

ck, ck-mb, and troponin

89
Q

if the insertion site is bleeding what do you do?

A

apply manual pressure

90
Q

what requires nursing intervention?

A

patient leg is straight, foot is numb, 3 + pulse

91
Q

treatment of sinus bradycardia is?

A

atropine

92
Q

what are the causes of sinus tachycardia?

A

stress, fever, anemia, hypovolemia, hypotension, caffiene, pain, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction

93
Q

what is the treatment for SVT?

A

vagal stimulation

94
Q

what do you prepare for after they give adenosine?

A

prepare for transcutaneous pacing

95
Q

a fib is at risk for

A

clots

96
Q

what is the first thing you do when doing hemodynamic monitoring?

A

assess the clinical status of the patient

97
Q

put these in order

A

stop physical activity, take nitroglycerin, if not relived after 3 in 5 minutes call HCP

98
Q

what must stop for coronary artery disease?

A

smoking

99
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of endocarditits?

A

oslers nodes and janeway lesions

100
Q

what are complicarions of infective endocarditis?

A

embolic events

101
Q

what is a clinical manifestation for pericraditis?

A

scratching “friction rub” sound

102
Q

what is the medical management of pericarditis?

A

aspirin, NSAIDS, antiinflammatories, colchicine

103
Q

what is the drug of choice for pericarditis?

A

colchine

104
Q

what are the clinical manifesetations of valvular disease?

A

weight gain, edema, cool, pale extremities with weak pulse

105
Q

what angel should the bevel be in an IV?

A

15 degrees

106
Q

what are signs a site has phlebitis?

A

red, warm, tender, hard to palpate

107
Q

signs of infiltration?

A

swollen, cool to touch, tight, pallow

108
Q

what should you do if your site is infiltrated?

A

stop the infusion

109
Q

what technique do you use for dressing? sterile or clean?

A

sterile

110
Q

for a picc line, what do you need before following a doctor;s orders of given a saline bolus?

A

x ray to check placement

111
Q

what do you need to watch out for with heparin?

A

bleeding

112
Q

f

A

NURS-114 (5 decks)

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