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psy 1001 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some fields of psych

A

cognitive, developmental, industrial, evolutionary psych, educational

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2
Q

what are sub-disciplines of psych

A

clinical, social, developmental, industrial, educational, sports & perform

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3
Q

what did socrates contribute to psych

A

socratic method

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4
Q

what did plato contribute

A

tripartite soul- rational, spirited, appetite

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5
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

father of psych, structuralism, first lab

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6
Q

structuralism

A

units of consciousness

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7
Q

scientific method

A

hypothesis, research, theory

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8
Q

funtionalism

A

consciousness can’t be broken into units, ongoing use of conscious

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9
Q

william james

A

functionalism

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10
Q

freud

A

psychoanalysis

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11
Q

pavlov

A

dog studies, classic conditioning

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12
Q

watson

A

behaviorism

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13
Q

skinner

A

skinner box, classic conditioning, rewards & punishment

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14
Q

behaviorism

A

operant condition- rewards & punishment

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15
Q

WEIRD

A

western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic

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16
Q

Margaret floy washburn

A

first woman to earn PhD in psych, animal research

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17
Q

inez prosser

A

first black woman to earn PhD in psych, brown vs board of education

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18
Q

mythbuster hooker

A

helped in homosexuality not being classified as illness

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19
Q

cognitive psych

A

memory, language, learning

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20
Q

evolutionary psych

A

origins of behavior, how our brains have adapted/ changed over time

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21
Q

contempary psych

A

integration of traditional theories & modern perspectives

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22
Q

APA - How man divisions?

A

American Psych Association, 54

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23
Q

4 pillars of psych

A

clinical, cognitive, development,social

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24
Q

empirical

A

verifiable by observation

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25
Q

theory

A

set of ideas/ explanation

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26
Q

naturalistic observation

A

observing someone without manipulating in natural environment

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27
Q

case studies

A

specific casies studied of a single individual

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28
Q

correlational research

A

naturally occuring relationship between 2 or more variables

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29
Q

independant variable

A

thing that’s being manipulated

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30
Q

dependent variable

A

thing that’s being measured

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31
Q

APA ethical guidelines (humans)

A

informed consent
awareness of possible risks
confidentiality stated
limited use of deception

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32
Q

APA ethical guidelines (animals)

A

consideration of animals comfort, health, humane treatment
can’t be subjected to pain, stress when other procedure is available

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33
Q

what are the components of a neuron

A

dendrites, soma, axon hillock, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons

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34
Q

what are 3 types of neurons?

A

afferent- arriving signal; from organs to spinal cord
efferent- exiting singal; from spinal cord to organs
interneurons- neuron to neuron

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35
Q

what is resting potential

A

resting neuron before release (rubber band stretched) more pos ions outside neuron and inside

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36
Q

polarization

A

inside of neuron is more negatively charged than outside

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37
Q

action potential

A

firing of neuron (rubber band release)

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38
Q

threshold of excitation

A

neuron pos charge reaches certain level

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39
Q

graded potential

A

shift in electrical charge in tiny area of neuron

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40
Q

absolute refractory period

A

after firing when neuron can’t fire again

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41
Q

relative refractory period

A

period after firing when neuron will fire again only if message is super strong

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42
Q

name parts of synaptic transmission

A

synapse, receptor site, neurotransmitters, synaptic vesicles, terminal button

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43
Q

ACh

A

arousal, attention, memory, motivation

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44
Q

dopamine

A

motor disorders, parkinson’s

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45
Q

serotonin

A

affects emotions, arousal, & sleep

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46
Q

endorphins

A

inhibit neurons that transit pain messages to brain, reduces pain

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47
Q

what does caffiene do

A

increases release of excitatory neurotransmitter

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48
Q

botulism

A

microorganism produces a toxin which prevents release of ACh, can lead to paralysis/ death

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49
Q

what is botox

A

drug made from same toxin that causes botulism

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50
Q

what does LSD do

A

inhibits serotonin releasing neuron, hallucinate from lack of dream suppression

51
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes in every cell in human body?

A

23 pairs

52
Q

what makes up DNA

A

chromosomes

53
Q

what are sperm and eggs both called?

A

gametes

54
Q

what are gametes?

A

cells that have 1/2 as many chromosomes as every other. (egg and sperm)

55
Q

what happens when gametes meet?

A

fertilization, creates 23 pairs called a zygote

56
Q

what is a zygote?

A

fertilized egg, egg and sperm meet

57
Q

who determines the sex of a child?

A

dad (sperm)

58
Q

which pair of chromosomes determines the sex

A

23rd

59
Q

what is the chromosome pair for female?

A

XX

60
Q

what is chromosome pair for male?

A

XY

61
Q

what percentage of the population is intersex?

A

1.7%

62
Q

XO

A

intersex, only 1 chromosoem

63
Q

XX

A

female

64
Q

XY

A

male

65
Q

XXY, XXX, XYY, XO

A

intersex

66
Q

true or false: we have 2 genes for everything

A

true

67
Q

homozygous genes & examples

A

genes that are the same, short mom short dad

68
Q

heterozygous genes & examples

A

genes that are different, tall mom short dad

69
Q

genotype

A

total of all genes someone inherits

70
Q

phenotype

A

how these genes are expressed (physcial)

71
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

traits determined by more than 1 gene, both traits are combined

72
Q

behavior genetics

A

field that seeks to understand influence of heredity & environ on human traits

73
Q

what are twin studies

A

examine how identical & fraternal twin are similar

74
Q

what are adoption studies

A

nature vs nurture

75
Q

how does environment turn on and off genes

A

environment can trigger certain genes to present themselves

76
Q

epigenetics

A

genes load gun, environment pulls trigger

77
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary, internal organs & glands

78
Q

what are the 2 types of nervous systems

A

central nervous system- brain, spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- somatic and auntonomic

79
Q

somatic nervous system

A

conscious / voluntary action (motor skills), afferent vs efferent nerves

80
Q

afferent nerves

A

arriving- body signal to CNS

81
Q

efferent nerves

A

exiting- cns to body

82
Q

homeostasis

A

state of balance

83
Q

symapthetic nervous system

A

fight or flight- dilates pupils, no saliva, increase heartrate, pee and poop open

84
Q

parasympathetic

A

preparing body for normal- contrictcs pupils, saliva, slows heart, less pee or poop access

85
Q

spinal cord

A

relay station, messages to and from brain

86
Q

neuroplasticity-

A

how nervous system and change/ adapt

87
Q

cerebral cortex

A

surface of brain

88
Q

left hemisphere

A

controls right half of body, associations in memory, attention, pos emotionsr

89
Q

right hemisphere

A

controls left of brain, pitch perception, arousal, neg emotions

90
Q

corpus collosum

A

band connecting both hemispheres, allows communication, shares info

91
Q

what is the largest part of brain

A

cerebral cortex

92
Q

frontal lobe

A

reasoning, motor, emotion, lang

93
Q

motor cortex

A

planning, coordination

94
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

thinking, problem solivng, decision making

95
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

96
Q

parietal lobe

A

senses

97
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, memory, emotion, lang

98
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay, minus smell

99
Q

limbic system

A

emotion, memory, smell

100
Q

hippocampus

A

memory, learning

101
Q

amygdala

A

emotion

102
Q

hypothalamus

A

body temp, appetite

103
Q

midbrain

A

motor movement

104
Q

hindbrain

A

central core, autonomic, sleep

105
Q

substantia nigra

A

mood, reward, addiction

106
Q

medulla

A

autonomic process (breath, blood pressure)

107
Q

pons

A

brain during sleep, connect hindbrain to the rest

108
Q

cerebellum

A

messages from muscle, joints, and ear- balance, coordination, motor skills

109
Q

CT

A

picture of brain w xray

110
Q

PET

A

radioactive liquid then brain monitored, 3D image

111
Q

MRI

A

magnets activate neurons

112
Q

EEG

A

brain activity w/o looking inside

113
Q

endocrine system

A

network of glands & organs that produce horomones & release into bloodstream

114
Q

hormone

A

chemical messenger that travels through bloodstream to control how body functions

115
Q

glands

A

tissues that produce/ release hormones

116
Q

thyroid gland

A

produces hormone, thyroxin, regulates rate of metabolism

117
Q

parathyroid gland

A

secrete parathormone, controls & balances levels of calcium & phosphate in blood

118
Q

pineal gland

A

regulates ones activity level

119
Q

pituitary gland

A

produces largest amount of bodys hormones

120
Q

gonads

A

reproductive glands

121
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer covering of adrenal glands, releases hormones for stress

122
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner core of adrenal glands, releases hormone for stress

123
Q

pancreas

A

secretes insulin & glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels

psy 1001 (4 decks)

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