exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what are some fields of psych
A
cognitive, developmental, industrial, evolutionary psych, educational
2
Q
what are sub-disciplines of psych
A
clinical, social, developmental, industrial, educational, sports & perform
3
Q
what did socrates contribute to psych
A
socratic method
4
Q
what did plato contribute
A
tripartite soul- rational, spirited, appetite
5
Q
wilhelm wundt
A
father of psych, structuralism, first lab
6
Q
structuralism
A
units of consciousness
7
Q
scientific method
A
hypothesis, research, theory
8
Q
funtionalism
A
consciousness can’t be broken into units, ongoing use of conscious
9
Q
william james
A
functionalism
10
Q
freud
A
psychoanalysis
11
Q
pavlov
A
dog studies, classic conditioning
12
Q
watson
A
behaviorism
13
Q
skinner
A
skinner box, classic conditioning, rewards & punishment
14
Q
behaviorism
A
operant condition- rewards & punishment
15
Q
WEIRD
A
western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic
16
Q
Margaret floy washburn
A
first woman to earn PhD in psych, animal research
17
Q
inez prosser
A
first black woman to earn PhD in psych, brown vs board of education
18
Q
mythbuster hooker
A
helped in homosexuality not being classified as illness
19
Q
cognitive psych
A
memory, language, learning
20
Q
evolutionary psych
A
origins of behavior, how our brains have adapted/ changed over time
21
Q
contempary psych
A
integration of traditional theories & modern perspectives
22
Q
APA - How man divisions?
A
American Psych Association, 54
23
Q
4 pillars of psych
A
clinical, cognitive, development,social
24
Q
empirical
A
verifiable by observation
25
theory
set of ideas/ explanation
26
naturalistic observation
observing someone without manipulating in natural environment
27
case studies
specific casies studied of a single individual
28
correlational research
naturally occuring relationship between 2 or more variables
29
independant variable
thing that's being manipulated
30
dependent variable
thing that's being measured
31
APA ethical guidelines (humans)
informed consent
awareness of possible risks
confidentiality stated
limited use of deception
32
APA ethical guidelines (animals)
consideration of animals comfort, health, humane treatment
can't be subjected to pain, stress when other procedure is available
33
what are the components of a neuron
dendrites, soma, axon hillock, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons
34
what are 3 types of neurons?
afferent- arriving signal; from organs to spinal cord
efferent- exiting singal; from spinal cord to organs
interneurons- neuron to neuron
35
what is resting potential
resting neuron before release (rubber band stretched) more pos ions outside neuron and inside
36
polarization
inside of neuron is more negatively charged than outside
37
action potential
firing of neuron (rubber band release)
38
threshold of excitation
neuron pos charge reaches certain level
39
graded potential
shift in electrical charge in tiny area of neuron
40
absolute refractory period
after firing when neuron can't fire again
41
relative refractory period
period after firing when neuron will fire again only if message is super strong
42
name parts of synaptic transmission
synapse, receptor site, neurotransmitters, synaptic vesicles, terminal button
43
ACh
arousal, attention, memory, motivation
44
dopamine
motor disorders, parkinson's
45
serotonin
affects emotions, arousal, & sleep
46
endorphins
inhibit neurons that transit pain messages to brain, reduces pain
47
what does caffiene do
increases release of excitatory neurotransmitter
48
botulism
microorganism produces a toxin which prevents release of ACh, can lead to paralysis/ death
49
what is botox
drug made from same toxin that causes botulism
50
what does LSD do
inhibits serotonin releasing neuron, hallucinate from lack of dream suppression
51
how many pairs of chromosomes in every cell in human body?
23 pairs
52
what makes up DNA
chromosomes
53
what are sperm and eggs both called?
gametes
54
what are gametes?
cells that have 1/2 as many chromosomes as every other. (egg and sperm)
55
what happens when gametes meet?
fertilization, creates 23 pairs called a zygote
56
what is a zygote?
fertilized egg, egg and sperm meet
57
who determines the sex of a child?
dad (sperm)
58
which pair of chromosomes determines the sex
23rd
59
what is the chromosome pair for female?
XX
60
what is chromosome pair for male?
XY
61
what percentage of the population is intersex?
1.7%
62
XO
intersex, only 1 chromosoem
63
XX
female
64
XY
male
65
XXY, XXX, XYY, XO
intersex
66
true or false: we have 2 genes for everything
true
67
homozygous genes & examples
genes that are the same, short mom short dad
68
heterozygous genes & examples
genes that are different, tall mom short dad
69
genotype
total of all genes someone inherits
70
phenotype
how these genes are expressed (physcial)
71
polygenic inheritance
traits determined by more than 1 gene, both traits are combined
72
behavior genetics
field that seeks to understand influence of heredity & environ on human traits
73
what are twin studies
examine how identical & fraternal twin are similar
74
what are adoption studies
nature vs nurture
75
how does environment turn on and off genes
environment can trigger certain genes to present themselves
76
epigenetics
genes load gun, environment pulls trigger
77
autonomic nervous system
involuntary, internal organs & glands
78
what are the 2 types of nervous systems
central nervous system- brain, spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- somatic and auntonomic
79
somatic nervous system
conscious / voluntary action (motor skills), afferent vs efferent nerves
80
afferent nerves
arriving- body signal to CNS
81
efferent nerves
exiting- cns to body
82
homeostasis
state of balance
83
symapthetic nervous system
fight or flight- dilates pupils, no saliva, increase heartrate, pee and poop open
84
parasympathetic
preparing body for normal- contrictcs pupils, saliva, slows heart, less pee or poop access
85
spinal cord
relay station, messages to and from brain
86
neuroplasticity-
how nervous system and change/ adapt
87
cerebral cortex
surface of brain
88
left hemisphere
controls right half of body, associations in memory, attention, pos emotionsr
89
right hemisphere
controls left of brain, pitch perception, arousal, neg emotions
90
corpus collosum
band connecting both hemispheres, allows communication, shares info
91
what is the largest part of brain
cerebral cortex
92
frontal lobe
reasoning, motor, emotion, lang
93
motor cortex
planning, coordination
94
prefrontal cortex
thinking, problem solivng, decision making
95
occipital lobe
vision
96
parietal lobe
senses
97
temporal lobe
hearing, memory, emotion, lang
98
thalamus
sensory relay, minus smell
99
limbic system
emotion, memory, smell
100
hippocampus
memory, learning
101
amygdala
emotion
102
hypothalamus
body temp, appetite
103
midbrain
motor movement
104
hindbrain
central core, autonomic, sleep
105
substantia nigra
mood, reward, addiction
106
medulla
autonomic process (breath, blood pressure)
107
pons
brain during sleep, connect hindbrain to the rest
108
cerebellum
messages from muscle, joints, and ear- balance, coordination, motor skills
109
CT
picture of brain w xray
110
PET
radioactive liquid then brain monitored, 3D image
111
MRI
magnets activate neurons
112
EEG
brain activity w/o looking inside
113
endocrine system
network of glands & organs that produce horomones & release into bloodstream
114
hormone
chemical messenger that travels through bloodstream to control how body functions
115
glands
tissues that produce/ release hormones
116
thyroid gland
produces hormone, thyroxin, regulates rate of metabolism
117
parathyroid gland
secrete parathormone, controls & balances levels of calcium & phosphate in blood
118
pineal gland
regulates ones activity level
119
pituitary gland
produces largest amount of bodys hormones
120
gonads
reproductive glands
121
adrenal cortex
outer covering of adrenal glands, releases hormones for stress
122
adrenal medulla
inner core of adrenal glands, releases hormone for stress
123
pancreas
secretes insulin & glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels
