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2024 CLASSES > EXAM #1 > Flashcards

EXAM #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bond forms molecules?

A

All of them; covalent, ionic, hydrogen

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2
Q

What is the difference between a fact and a hypothesis?

A

Facts are direct observations; hypotheses are testable explanations.

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3
Q

How can predictions be spotted?

A

Predictions can be spotted because they are “if…then” statements formed from correlating hypotheses.

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4
Q

Why does an experiment study the only way to show a cause-and-effect relationship?

A

Because it manipulates variables

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5
Q

What is the purpose of peer review in science?

A

To address concerns and prevent bias and fraud.

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6
Q

What is the main mechanism for policing bias and fraud in science?

A

Peer review

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7
Q

What is the purpose of bans on hunting and chemicals in saving endangered species?

A

To stop extinction

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8
Q

Why can’t a hypothesis be proved with complete certainty?

A

Testing can support but not proven (you have to support the hypothesis)

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9
Q

Which bond is the weakest?

A

Hydrogen bonds are the weakest

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10
Q

What is the universal versatile solvent?

A

Water is the universal solvent.

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11
Q

What is the atomic number of hydrogens?

A

The atomic number of hydrogens is 1.

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12
Q

What element is the basis of life?

A

Carbon (4 valence electrons). It is the most versatile and an organic element.

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13
Q

What does Acid increase?

A

Acid increases H+ (Hydrogen Ions) concentration.

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14
Q

Which bond involves electron SHARING?

A

Covalent bonds

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15
Q

What is the polymer of nucleotides?

A

Nucleic Acids

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16
Q

Lipids are NOT polymers, they are what?

A

Lipids are macromolecules.

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17
Q

Which molecule stores genetic information?

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

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18
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

Enzymes catalyze reactions; they do this by speeding it up by slowing the activation process

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19
Q

Is water hydrophobic?

A

Water is NOT Hydrophobic, it is Hydrophilic

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20
Q

Which bond forms between water molecules?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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21
Q

Is there such thing as a Metallic Bond?

A

There is NO such thing as a Metallic Bond.

22
Q

How many bonds can Carbon form?

A

Carbon can form 4 bonds

23
Q

Which molecule is a simple sugar?

A

Glucose is a simple sugar

24
Q

What is the role of RNA?

A

RNA is genetic expression

25
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Proteins are made of amino acids.

26
Q

Which molecule is hydrophilic? Water, Fat, Oil or Sugar?

A

Sugar

27
Q

Which bond involves ion attraction?

A

Ionic

28
Q

Is DNA double stranded or single stranded?

A

DNA is double stranded

29
Q

What attracts hydrogen in water?

A

Oxygen - because oxygen and hydrogen are attracted to each other

30
Q

How many electron shells are in oxygen?

A

There are 3 electron shells in oxygen.

31
Q

Do lipids include steroids?

A

Yes, because multiple glycerides (which are lipids) make steroids

32
Q

Which biomolecule is not a polymer? Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids or Nucleic Acids

A

Lipids are not polymers, they are macromolecules

33
Q

What forms around polar molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds form around polar molecules.

34
Q

Is RNA single stranded?

A

Yes, RNA is single stranded

35
Q

How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have?

A

Nitrogen has 7 valence electrons

36
Q

How many valence electrons does Carbon have?

A

Carbon has 4 valence electrons

37
Q

How many valence electrons does Hydrogen have?

A

Hydrogen has 1 valence electron

38
Q

How many valence electrons does Oxygen have?

A

Oxygen has 6 valence electrons

39
Q

How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have?

A

Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons

40
Q

How many valence electrons does Sulfur have?

A

Sulfur has 6 valence electrons

41
Q

What are the “Big 6” main elements?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur

42
Q

Is ice less dense than water?

A

Yes, ice is less dense than water, that is why it floats.

43
Q

Which molecule is used in energy storage?

A

Starch (potatoes, pasta)

44
Q

What is the main function of enzymes?

A

To catalyze

45
Q

Does Carbon form ionic or covalent bonds?

A

Carbon forms covalent bonds

46
Q

Which acid has a lower pH value? Vinegar, blood, water, or milk?

A

Vinegar

47
Q

How does salt dissolve in water?

A

By Ionic attraction

48
Q

Are all molecules’ compounds?

A

No, not all molecules are compounds

49
Q

What’s the difference between molecules and compounds?

A

A molecule is 2 atoms of the same element join together, while a compound is a type of molecule where the atoms forming the molecule are completely different.

50
Q

What increases in an acidic solution?

A

H+ (Hydrogen Ions)

51
Q

Is water a compound?

A

Yes, water is a compound

2024 CLASSES (5 decks)

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