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Biosciences I > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classes of biological macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, & lipids

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2
Q

What are nucleic acids made of?

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

What type of reaction is used to build macromolecule chains?

A

Dehydration

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4
Q

What type of reaction is used to split macromolecule chains?

A

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

How are amino acids joined to each other?

A

With a peptide bond formed by dyhydration

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6
Q

What defines the general structure of amino acids?

A

An amino group NH2 & an acidic carboxyl group COOH, as well as an R group that varies, & a hydrogen

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7
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Long chains of monosaccharides

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8
Q

Which nucleic acids are purines?

A

Adenine and guanine

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9
Q

Which nucleic acids are pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, thiamine, urasil

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10
Q

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

A

Phosphate

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11
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

A

Glycerol with 3 fatty acid chains

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12
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

a glycerol, two fatty acids, & a phosphate

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13
Q

What are the 7 basic characteristics of life?

A

Cellular organization; ordered complexity; sensitivity; growth, development, & reproduction; energy utilization; homeostasis; evolutionary adaptation

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14
Q

What is the difference between a theory & a hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis is a guess used in experimentation, while a theory is supported model of how things work

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15
Q

What was On the Origin of Species about?

A

Natural selection as a mechanism of evolution

16
Q

What was The Voyage of the Beagle about?

A

Darwin coming to terms with the idea of common decent

17
Q

What was the Human Genome Project?

A

A 1990 project to sequence the entire human genome, completed in 2003

18
Q

What is descriptive science?

A

The process of collecting scientific data without any hypothesis or experiment in mind

19
Q

What is an isomer?

A

One of multiple different organic molecules that has the same formula as the others, but a differnt form

20
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A chain of similar monomers

21
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small organic molecule

22
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars (6 carbon or fewer)

Biosciences I (6 decks)

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