Exam 1

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true for this cell?
A. It has mitochondria, so it must be a prokaryote
B. There are ribosomes present, so it must be a eukaryote
C. There is an endoplasmic reticulum, so it must be an eukaryote

Answer 1

C. There is an endoplasmic reticulum, so it must be an eukaryote

Question 2

Name ONE structure you would expect to find in ALL cells.

Answer 2

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, DNA, and Ribosome

Question 3

Draw an arrow labeled “A” to one part of the endomembrane system. What is that structure called?

Answer 3

Golgi Apparatus, Nuclear Envelope, Smooth ER, Rough ER, and Vesicles

Question 4

Draw an arrow labeled “B” to one example of a membrane bound organelle.

Answer 4

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

Question 5

Lye, which is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a caustic alkali used in oven cleaners and other horrid materials. Lard is animal fat that makes French fries and tortillas taste super yummy and not at all horrid. However, when you combine lye with lard, you actually get SOAP!! This is an example of which big idea?

Answer 5

Emergent Property

Question 6

Which of the following would be a good example of a structure-function relationship?
A. Webbed feet allows duck to swim well in water
B. Mammals have four limbs because their amphibian ancestors had did
C. Humans maintain a constant body temperature

Answer 6

A. Webbed feet allows duck to swim well in water

Question 7

Using the model below, illustrate how we in biology represent the distribution of electrons in the element Oxygen (O).

Answer 7

2 electrons in the first shell (inside), then 6 electrons in the second shell (outside)

Question 8

How many bonds can oxygen form in a molecule?

Answer 8

2 bonds because there are 2 unpaired electrons. Paired electrons cannot form bonds while only unpaired electrons can.

Question 9

The element magnesium (Mg) will combine with the element chlorine (Cl) to make an ionic bond. This must mean that these elements have very different ________.

Answer 9

electronegativity

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of orbitals in an atom?
A. Each orbital is in a different layer around the nucleus
B. They can contain up to 2 electrons
C. They determine the atomic number of an element

Answer 10

B. They can contain up to 2 electrons

Question 11

When two elements have unequal sharing of electrons, what type of bond will we observe?
A. Non-polar covalent bond
B. Polar covalent bond
C. Ionic bond

Answer 11

B. Polar covalent bond

Question 12

Circle the water molecule that you think will hydrogen bond to the glass.

Answer 12

The water molecule with the hydrogen facing the glass.

Question 13

What information did you use to determine your answer (water molecule bond to glass)?

Answer 13

Hydrogen can bond to almost anything. In the molecule, the hydrogen is near the glass so it is able to bond. However, adhesion is part of hydrogen bonding. It only makes sense if hydrogen bonds to the glass rather than oxygen.

Question 14

When water sticks to something else, what do we call that?

Answer 14

Adhesion

Question 15

When water dissolves something, it forms a structure around it called:
A. a hydrogen shell
B. a hydration shell
C. a cohesive shell

Answer 15

B. a hydration shell

Question 16

Carbon is a really good element to use as a basis for building a lot of different molecules because:
A. it has high electronegativity
B. it has the most orbitals
C. it has four unpaired valence electrons

Answer 16

C. it has four unpaired valence electrons

Question 17

What are TWO different ways to change a carbon backbone to make new organic molecules (without adding new elements)?

Answer 17

1) Branching - different shape in molecle
2) Bonds - making a double/triple bonds between carbons

Question 18

Match each functional group listed with the most appropriate property from the list to the right. You can use each letter once, so choose carefully!
Hydroxyl A. Organic Acid
Phosphate B. Adds polarity
Carboxyl C. Adds energy
Amino D. Makes disulfide
bonds
E. Positive charge
in water

Answer 18

Hydroxyl - B
Phosphate - C
Carboxyl - A
Amino - E

Question 19

Professor Minnie is testing different organic molecules to make a red dye for her bows that will not come off when she washes them in water. Which of the following would you recommend she try first?
A. molecules with lots of hydroxyl groups
B. Molecules that are acids
C. Molecules made only with carbon and hydrogen

Answer 19

C. Molecules made only with carbon and hydrogen

Question 20

Briefly, explain why you chose than option (Professor Minnie).

Answer 20

Minnie does NOT want it to dissolve, thus needing it to be non-polar and insoluble molecule. Carbon makes the molecule less polar.

Question 21

Carboxyl

Answer 21

Adds negative charge

Question 22

Methyl

Answer 22

a temporary tag