Exam 3 Flashcards
What is free energy?
A. Energy available to do work
B. A measure of disorder
C. Energy lost to heat
D. Energy that doesn’t cost cells anything
A. Energy available to do work
Circle the terms below that correctly describes this reaction:
Catabolic or Anabolic
Exergonic or Endergonic
Decreasing entropy or Increasing entropy
Anabolic
Endergonic
Decreasing entropy
How would a living cell make this reaction work?
A. A cell would raise its temperature
B. A cell would use reaction coupling
C. A cell would increase kinetic energy
D. A cell would add activation energy
B. A cell would use reaction coupling
This reaction has a ∆G=+13.3 kcal/mole. How many ATP would a living cell use to make this reaction proceed? How did you figure that out?
There would be around 2 ATP because one ATP is 7.3kcal/mole. (7.3 x 2 = 14.9).
In addition to ATP, a living cell would need an enzyme to make this work. What do all enzymes do?
Enzymes all lower activation energy.
Thinking about the Second Law of Thermodynamics, why does building a concentration gradient across a membrane require energy?
Entropy (disorder) is required for building a concentration gradient. To have it, there must be order meaning there should be a decrease in entropy.
What are the products of the light reactions during photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
What is the product of the Calvin cycle (or of photosynthesis as a whole)?
G3P
Which one of the reactants is oxidized during this reaction?
A. Glucose-6-phosphate
B. NADP+
C. 6-Phosphoglucono-delta-lactone
D. NADPH
A. Glucose-6-phosphate
Briefly explain what information from the illustration you used to answer the question.
In the molecule, OH-H, is moved to NADPH + H+, leaving NADP to be reduced while the molecule is oxidized.
Calvin Cycle - 3 stages
1) Carbon Fixation - adds CO2 to RuBP to make rubisco & makes two 3-carbon
2) Regeneration - Makes 6 G3P using rubisco
3) Reduction - Use 1 G3P to make 3 RuBP
What term is used to describe the activity of ATP synthase during photophosphorylation?
A. Proton motive force
B. Chemiosmosis
C. Allosteric
D. Substrate Level
B. Chemiosmosis
Glycolysis has an investment phase and a payout phase, because:
A. Energy is stored in glucose and then released from glucose
B. Energy is stored in NADH, which is used later in oxidative phosphorylation
C. ATP is used before ATP is made
D. Glycolysis starts with one glucose, but ends with two pyruvate
C. ATP is used before ATP is made
What organelle is ETC found in during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Draw a star on each component that requires light to function.
To the left
Draw an arrow through the hydrogen pump showing the direction H+ transport, assuming the lumen is above the membrane.
Goes straight up
What is the high energy electron donor for this ETC?
A. NADH
B. PSII
C. Water
D. Light
B. PSII
What organelle is found during ETC from cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
Is the matrix above or below the membrane?
It is below because Complex II is on the matrix side
Write the names of the high energy electron donors in the places they will be oxidized.
Write on bottom from left to right:
NADH and FADH2
Write the name of the final electron acceptor for this ETC in place where it will be reduced and indicate what molecule will be the product of that reaction
O2 to H2O
What is the function of fermentation?
A. To make ATP
B. To reduce pyruvate
C. To regenerate NAD+ from NADH
D. To produce carbon dioxide and alcohol
C. To regenerate NAD+ from NADH
Glycolysis - Substrates and Products
Substrate - 1 glucose
Products - 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH
Transition Step (pyruvate oxidation) - Substrates and Products
Substrate - 2 pyruvate
Products - 2 NADH, 2 CO2, 2 acetyl-CoA
Citric Acid Cycle - Substrates and Products
Substrate - 2 Acetyl CoA
Products - 6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2
ETC - Substrates and Products
Substrates - 10 NADH and 2 FADH2
Products - 12 water and 34 ATP
Proccesses and Components
Pyruvate
Complex II
One place with high H+ concentration
Cytochrome Complex
Photolysis
FADH2
FADH2 - inside mitochondria
Photolysis - inside chloroplast (oval)
Cytochrome complex - the lines that make the oval
One place with high H+ concentration - inside mitochondria but outer
Complex II - lines of inside mitochondria
Pyruvate - Background between chloroplast and mitochondria
He has been of a diet with nothing but sugar-free and vitamins for the last month. He lost a lot of weight but is still healthy. Why is it that?
When there are no sugars, there are alternates such as carbohydrates, lipids, and fats. Since substituting them, cellular respiration is made and the process of fermentation.
