Exam 3

Question 1

What is free energy?
A. Energy available to do work
B. A measure of disorder
C. Energy lost to heat
D. Energy that doesn’t cost cells anything

Answer 1

A. Energy available to do work

Question 2

Circle the terms below that correctly describes this reaction:
Catabolic or Anabolic
Exergonic or Endergonic
Decreasing entropy or Increasing entropy

Answer 2

Anabolic
Endergonic
Decreasing entropy

Question 3

How would a living cell make this reaction work?
A. A cell would raise its temperature
B. A cell would use reaction coupling
C. A cell would increase kinetic energy
D. A cell would add activation energy

Answer 3

B. A cell would use reaction coupling

Question 4

This reaction has a ∆G=+13.3 kcal/mole. How many ATP would a living cell use to make this reaction proceed? How did you figure that out?

Answer 4

There would be around 2 ATP because one ATP is 7.3kcal/mole. (7.3 x 2 = 14.9).

Question 5

In addition to ATP, a living cell would need an enzyme to make this work. What do all enzymes do?

Answer 5

Enzymes all lower activation energy.

Question 6

Thinking about the Second Law of Thermodynamics, why does building a concentration gradient across a membrane require energy?

Answer 6

Entropy (disorder) is required for building a concentration gradient. To have it, there must be order meaning there should be a decrease in entropy.

Question 7

What are the products of the light reactions during photosynthesis?

Answer 7

ATP and NADPH

Question 8

What is the product of the Calvin cycle (or of photosynthesis as a whole)?

Answer 8

G3P

Question 9

Which one of the reactants is oxidized during this reaction?
A. Glucose-6-phosphate
B. NADP+
C. 6-Phosphoglucono-delta-lactone
D. NADPH

Answer 9

A. Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 10

Briefly explain what information from the illustration you used to answer the question.

Answer 10

In the molecule, OH-H, is moved to NADPH + H+, leaving NADP to be reduced while the molecule is oxidized.

Question 11

Calvin Cycle - 3 stages

Answer 11

1) Carbon Fixation - adds CO2 to RuBP to make rubisco & makes two 3-carbon
2) Regeneration - Makes 6 G3P using rubisco
3) Reduction - Use 1 G3P to make 3 RuBP

Question 12

What term is used to describe the activity of ATP synthase during photophosphorylation?
A. Proton motive force
B. Chemiosmosis
C. Allosteric
D. Substrate Level

Answer 12

B. Chemiosmosis

Question 13

Glycolysis has an investment phase and a payout phase, because:
A. Energy is stored in glucose and then released from glucose
B. Energy is stored in NADH, which is used later in oxidative phosphorylation
C. ATP is used before ATP is made
D. Glycolysis starts with one glucose, but ends with two pyruvate

Answer 13

C. ATP is used before ATP is made

Question 14

What organelle is ETC found in during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Chloroplast

Question 15

Draw a star on each component that requires light to function.

Answer 15

To the left

Question 16

Draw an arrow through the hydrogen pump showing the direction H+ transport, assuming the lumen is above the membrane.

Answer 16

Goes straight up

Question 17

What is the high energy electron donor for this ETC?
A. NADH
B. PSII
C. Water
D. Light

Answer 17

B. PSII

Question 18

What organelle is found during ETC from cellular respiration?

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Is the matrix above or below the membrane?

Answer 19

It is below because Complex II is on the matrix side

Question 20

Write the names of the high energy electron donors in the places they will be oxidized.

Answer 20

Write on bottom from left to right:
NADH and FADH2

Question 21

Write the name of the final electron acceptor for this ETC in place where it will be reduced and indicate what molecule will be the product of that reaction

Answer 21

O2 to H2O

Question 22

What is the function of fermentation?
A. To make ATP
B. To reduce pyruvate
C. To regenerate NAD+ from NADH
D. To produce carbon dioxide and alcohol

Answer 22

C. To regenerate NAD+ from NADH

Question 23

Glycolysis - Substrates and Products

Answer 23

Substrate - 1 glucose
Products - 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

Question 24

Transition Step (pyruvate oxidation) - Substrates and Products

Answer 24

Substrate - 2 pyruvate
Products - 2 NADH, 2 CO2, 2 acetyl-CoA

Question 25

Citric Acid Cycle - Substrates and Products

Answer 25

Substrate - 2 Acetyl CoA
Products - 6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2

Question 26

ETC - Substrates and Products

Answer 26

Substrates - 10 NADH and 2 FADH2
Products - 12 water and 34 ATP

Question 27

Proccesses and Components
Pyruvate
Complex II
One place with high H+ concentration
Cytochrome Complex
Photolysis
FADH2

Answer 27

FADH2 - inside mitochondria
Photolysis - inside chloroplast (oval)
Cytochrome complex - the lines that make the oval
One place with high H+ concentration - inside mitochondria but outer
Complex II - lines of inside mitochondria
Pyruvate - Background between chloroplast and mitochondria

Question 28

He has been of a diet with nothing but sugar-free and vitamins for the last month. He lost a lot of weight but is still healthy. Why is it that?

Answer 28

When there are no sugars, there are alternates such as carbohydrates, lipids, and fats. Since substituting them, cellular respiration is made and the process of fermentation.