Exam 1

Question 1

Psychology as the science of mind and behavior

Answer 1

1879- structuralism
1913- behavioralism
1967- cognitivism

Question 2

1879

Answer 2

William Wundt founds the first laboratory dedicated to psychology, separating it from philosophy as the science of the mind

Question 3

1913

Answer 3

John Watson declares that in order for psychology to be a science it has to study something observable, outside the mind

Question 4

1967

Answer 4

Ulric Neisser publishes his textbook “Cognitive Psychology”

Question 5

Psychology as the science of experimental epistemology

Answer 5

nativism and rationalism VS empiricism and associationism

Question 6

What is the origin of knowledge (def. 2)

Answer 6

nativism- born with innate ideas, experience provides occasion for knowing
empiricism- born as a clean slate, experience is the source of knowledge

Question 7

How is knowledge arrived at? (def. 2)

Answer 7

rationalism- learn by operations of the mind
associationism- learn by connecting experiences in the world

Question 8

psychology as the science of knowing and experiencing

Answer 8

knowing and experiencing are natural phenomena that are often denied because of mind body problem

Question 9

Mind- body problem

Answer 9

Dualism and Materialism

Question 10

dualism

Answer 10

universe is made up of two interacting substances, physical matter (body) and non-physical matter (soul, mind).
No one knows how they interact

Question 11

materialism

Answer 11

universe is made up of one kind of substance, physical matter, which must include the mind if it is real, or mearly an assertion of thought

Question 12

psychology as the science of things that move on their own

Answer 12

things that move on their own are things that behave
there is a continuum of things that move on their own

Question 13

Action potential

Answer 13

resting potential at -70 mV
Na ions enter the cell and potential reaches threshold at -55mV
Na ion gates open and potential shoots up to +40mV
ion pumps work to reduce potential back to -70mV

Question 14

Neurotransmitters

Answer 14

terminal buttons contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters
at action potentials vesicles release NT into synapse
NT bind to receptor molecules on the dendrite which opens ion gates

Question 15

Neurotransmitters may be ____ or ____

Answer 15

excitatory
inhibitory

Question 16

location and role of frontal lobe

Answer 16

front of the brain
planning, social behavior, motor control

Question 17

location and role of parietal lobe

Answer 17

on top, towards back of the brain
somatosensory (sense of touch)

Question 18

location and role of temporal lobe

Answer 18

side of the brain
hearing and memory

Question 19

location and role of occipital lobe

Answer 19

back of the brain
vision

Question 20

Primary projection areas

Answer 20

motor
somatosensory
visual
auditory

Question 21

Non-Primary projection areas

Answer 21

pre-frontal cortex
Brocas area
Wernickes area

Question 22

location and role of pre-frontal cortex

Answer 22

very front of brain
regulates thoughts, actions, and emotions
affected when drunk

Question 23

location and role of Broca’s area

Answer 23

slightly above temporal lobe, in frontal lobe
responsible for speech

Question 24

location and role of Wernicke’s area

Answer 24

in between occipital and temporal lobes
responsible for comprehension

Question 25

Left/Right distinctions

Answer 25

left- language
right- spatial abilities

Question 26

front/back distinctions

Answer 26

front- expression, actions, plans
back- receptions, perceptions, interpretations

Question 27

Pre-frontal lesions

Answer 27

pre-frontal cortex
loss of planning, moral reasoning, and sensitivity to social context
loss of initiation of action, deliberations

Question 28

apraxia

Answer 28

(no doing)
frontal lobe: lesions just forward of motor cortex
failure in sequencing components of actions
inability to organize movements

Question 29

agnosia

Answer 29

no knowing
occipital or temporal lesions
deficit in interpreting, categorizing, labeling, or knowing
sensory systems themselves are okay

Question 30

neglect

Answer 30

right hemisphere parietal damage causes inattention to whole left side

Question 31

aphasia

Answer 31

left hemisphere (frontal/temporal) damage causes deficits in language

Question 32

expressive aphasia

Answer 32

damage to brocas area
cannot produce speech
non-fluent

Question 33

receptive aphasia

Answer 33

lesions to wernickes area
cannot understand speech and consequently cannot produce speech
(can talk but it doesn’t make sense)
fluent

Question 34

phrenology

Answer 34

brain has jumbled collections of mental faculties each with their own center or organ
size of organ corresponds with efficiency of faculty
development of each organ reflected in size, shape, and irregularities of encompassing skull

Question 35

1 legitimate discovery of Gall

Answer 35

cortex is a functioning tissue, not just a protective covering

Question 36

2 legitimate discovery of Gall

Answer 36

commisures between brain hemispheres

Question 37

3 legitimate discoveries of Gall

Answer 37

crossing of ascending nerve pathways from spinal cord to contralateral hemispheres of brain

Question 38

4 legitimate discoveries of Gall

Answer 38

distribution and distinction of gray and white matter

Question 39

gray matter

Answer 39

neurons with out myelin

Question 40

white matter

Answer 40

neurons with myelin