Exam 1 Flashcards
Psychology as the science of mind and behavior
1879- structuralism
1913- behavioralism
1967- cognitivism
1879
William Wundt founds the first laboratory dedicated to psychology, separating it from philosophy as the science of the mind
1913
John Watson declares that in order for psychology to be a science it has to study something observable, outside the mind
1967
Ulric Neisser publishes his textbook “Cognitive Psychology”
Psychology as the science of experimental epistemology
nativism and rationalism VS empiricism and associationism
What is the origin of knowledge (def. 2)
nativism- born with innate ideas, experience provides occasion for knowing
empiricism- born as a clean slate, experience is the source of knowledge
How is knowledge arrived at? (def. 2)
rationalism- learn by operations of the mind
associationism- learn by connecting experiences in the world
psychology as the science of knowing and experiencing
knowing and experiencing are natural phenomena that are often denied because of mind body problem
Mind- body problem
Dualism and Materialism
dualism
universe is made up of two interacting substances, physical matter (body) and non-physical matter (soul, mind).
No one knows how they interact
materialism
universe is made up of one kind of substance, physical matter, which must include the mind if it is real, or mearly an assertion of thought
psychology as the science of things that move on their own
things that move on their own are things that behave
there is a continuum of things that move on their own
Action potential
resting potential at -70 mV
Na ions enter the cell and potential reaches threshold at -55mV
Na ion gates open and potential shoots up to +40mV
ion pumps work to reduce potential back to -70mV
Neurotransmitters
terminal buttons contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters
at action potentials vesicles release NT into synapse
NT bind to receptor molecules on the dendrite which opens ion gates
Neurotransmitters may be ____ or ____
excitatory
inhibitory
location and role of frontal lobe
front of the brain
planning, social behavior, motor control
location and role of parietal lobe
on top, towards back of the brain
somatosensory (sense of touch)
location and role of temporal lobe
side of the brain
hearing and memory
location and role of occipital lobe
back of the brain
vision
Primary projection areas
motor
somatosensory
visual
auditory
Non-Primary projection areas
pre-frontal cortex
Brocas area
Wernickes area
location and role of pre-frontal cortex
very front of brain
regulates thoughts, actions, and emotions
affected when drunk
location and role of Broca’s area
slightly above temporal lobe, in frontal lobe
responsible for speech
location and role of Wernicke’s area
in between occipital and temporal lobes
responsible for comprehension
Left/Right distinctions
left- language
right- spatial abilities
front/back distinctions
front- expression, actions, plans
back- receptions, perceptions, interpretations
Pre-frontal lesions
pre-frontal cortex
loss of planning, moral reasoning, and sensitivity to social context
loss of initiation of action, deliberations
apraxia
(no doing)
frontal lobe: lesions just forward of motor cortex
failure in sequencing components of actions
inability to organize movements
agnosia
no knowing
occipital or temporal lesions
deficit in interpreting, categorizing, labeling, or knowing
sensory systems themselves are okay
neglect
right hemisphere parietal damage causes inattention to whole left side
aphasia
left hemisphere (frontal/temporal) damage causes deficits in language
expressive aphasia
damage to brocas area
cannot produce speech
non-fluent
receptive aphasia
lesions to wernickes area
cannot understand speech and consequently cannot produce speech
(can talk but it doesn’t make sense)
fluent
phrenology
brain has jumbled collections of mental faculties each with their own center or organ
size of organ corresponds with efficiency of faculty
development of each organ reflected in size, shape, and irregularities of encompassing skull
1 legitimate discovery of Gall
cortex is a functioning tissue, not just a protective covering
2 legitimate discovery of Gall
commisures between brain hemispheres
3 legitimate discoveries of Gall
crossing of ascending nerve pathways from spinal cord to contralateral hemispheres of brain
4 legitimate discoveries of Gall
distribution and distinction of gray and white matter
gray matter
neurons with out myelin
white matter
neurons with myelin
