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Mammalogy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Endothermy

A

Body temperature is controlled by a combination of metabolic activity and physiological regulation of heat exchange with the environment.

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2
Q

Endothermic Pro

A

Active in a wide range of temps, exploit a variety of habitats and climates, sustain high levels of activity.

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3
Q

Endothermic Con

A

High metabolic rate (about 90% of food intake goes into thermoregulation), need constant food

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4
Q

Colostrum

A

Early milk that transfers antibodies, thus reduces the mothers immunity

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5
Q

Lysozyme

A

Antibacterial protein

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6
Q

Prototheria

A

Do not have nipple or teat

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7
Q

Hair Layers

A

Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

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8
Q

Angora

A

Continuous growth

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9
Q

Definite

A

Har that obtains a particular length and is then shed and replaced.

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10
Q

Vibirssae

A

Long, definite, stiff hairs. Used for sensory preception.

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11
Q

Spines

A

Stiff enlarged, definite growth. Used for protection.

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12
Q

Bristles

A

Firm and long, exhibit angora growth

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13
Q

Awns

A

usually lie in one direction, definite, giving the pleage a distinctive nap. Used for insulation.

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14
Q

Arrector Pili muscle

A

A section of smooth muscle attached to the hair shaft. When contracted the hair shaft becomes erect.

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15
Q

Eccrine Gland

A

Secrete sweat directly to the skin

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16
Q

Apocrine Gland

A

Secreted in association with a hair shaft.

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17
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Lubrication and waterproofing gland for their hair and skin

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18
Q

Heterodont Dentition

A

Different types of teeth with different functions

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19
Q

Tooth anatomy

A

Crown, cusp, root, occlusal surface

20
Q

Tissues of mammalian teeth

A

Dentin, Enamel, Pulp, Cementum

21
Q

Hypsodont

A

Crown sits high above root. Divided into visible crown above gumline and reserve crown below gumline.

22
Q

Brachydont

A

Crown is not high above room and ends at gumline

23
Q

Diphydont

A

Two successive sets of teeth

24
Q

Monphydont

A

Only one set of teeth

25
Q

Polyphydont

A

Teeth are continually replaced

26
Q

Kinds of teeth

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars and molars

27
Q

Secodont

A

Sharp, triangular blade like teeth used for cutting

28
Q

Bunodont

A

Cusps form separate rounded hills that crush and grind food.

29
Q

Lophodont

A

Cusps form elongated ridges around the crown

30
Q

Selenodont

A

Cusps are broadened into crescent shaped ridges used to grind vegetation.

31
Q

Chambers of circulatory system

A

Left and right atrium and ventricle

32
Q

2 systems

A

Pulmonary- moves blood to the lungs for gas excahnge and back. Systematic- Moves oxygenated blood through the body and back to the heart.

33
Q

Enucleated red blood cells

A

Mammalian red blood cells extrude their nuclei when mature.

34
Q

Mammalian Diaphragm

A

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles control breathing.

35
Q

Single jaw bone

A

The lower jaw of a mammal is comprised of a single bone, the dentary bone.

36
Q

Three ear ossicle

A

Stapes, Malleus, Incus

37
Q

Early tetrapods

A

360 mybp

38
Q

Amniota

A

evolved from amphibian-like tetrapods, amniotic egg was a game changer.

39
Q

Three groups of amniotes

A

Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia

40
Q

Synapsida

A

Gave rise to mammals, 1 temporal fenestra

41
Q

Saurapsida

A

Gave rise to reptiles, birds and dinosaurs, 0 or 2 temporal fenestra

42
Q

Pelycosaurs

A

Earliest lineage of synapsid

43
Q

Therapsids

A

Evolved from the pelycosaurs, gained zygomatic arch and the sagital crest is less sprawling

44
Q

Cynodonts

A

Came from therapsids, lumbar ribs reduced, formation of a secondary palate.

45
Q

Unique mammalian features (Diagnostic)

A

Mammary glands/Lactation, Hair, Arrector Pili Muscle, Sebaceous Glands, Heterodont Dentition, Enucleated Red Blood Cells, Mammalian Diaphragm, Single Lower Jaw Bone.

46
Q

Mammalian Features (All)

A

Endothermy, Mammary glands/lactation, Hair, Arrector pili muscle, various skin glands, adipose tissue (fat), Heterodont dentition, Highly efficient circulatory system, Enucleated red blood cell, simplified skeleton, single lower jaw bone, three ear ossicles.

Mammalogy (11 decks)

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