Exam 1 Flashcards
Endothermy
Body temperature is controlled by a combination of metabolic activity and physiological regulation of heat exchange with the environment.
Endothermic Pro
Active in a wide range of temps, exploit a variety of habitats and climates, sustain high levels of activity.
Endothermic Con
High metabolic rate (about 90% of food intake goes into thermoregulation), need constant food
Colostrum
Early milk that transfers antibodies, thus reduces the mothers immunity
Lysozyme
Antibacterial protein
Prototheria
Do not have nipple or teat
Hair Layers
Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle
Angora
Continuous growth
Definite
Har that obtains a particular length and is then shed and replaced.
Vibirssae
Long, definite, stiff hairs. Used for sensory preception.
Spines
Stiff enlarged, definite growth. Used for protection.
Bristles
Firm and long, exhibit angora growth
Awns
usually lie in one direction, definite, giving the pleage a distinctive nap. Used for insulation.
Arrector Pili muscle
A section of smooth muscle attached to the hair shaft. When contracted the hair shaft becomes erect.
Eccrine Gland
Secrete sweat directly to the skin
Apocrine Gland
Secreted in association with a hair shaft.
Sebaceous glands
Lubrication and waterproofing gland for their hair and skin
Heterodont Dentition
Different types of teeth with different functions
Tooth anatomy
Crown, cusp, root, occlusal surface
Tissues of mammalian teeth
Dentin, Enamel, Pulp, Cementum
Hypsodont
Crown sits high above root. Divided into visible crown above gumline and reserve crown below gumline.
Brachydont
Crown is not high above room and ends at gumline
Diphydont
Two successive sets of teeth
Monphydont
Only one set of teeth
Polyphydont
Teeth are continually replaced
Kinds of teeth
Incisors, Canines, Premolars and molars
Secodont
Sharp, triangular blade like teeth used for cutting
Bunodont
Cusps form separate rounded hills that crush and grind food.
Lophodont
Cusps form elongated ridges around the crown
Selenodont
Cusps are broadened into crescent shaped ridges used to grind vegetation.
Chambers of circulatory system
Left and right atrium and ventricle
2 systems
Pulmonary- moves blood to the lungs for gas excahnge and back. Systematic- Moves oxygenated blood through the body and back to the heart.
Enucleated red blood cells
Mammalian red blood cells extrude their nuclei when mature.
Mammalian Diaphragm
The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles control breathing.
Single jaw bone
The lower jaw of a mammal is comprised of a single bone, the dentary bone.
Three ear ossicle
Stapes, Malleus, Incus
Early tetrapods
360 mybp
Amniota
evolved from amphibian-like tetrapods, amniotic egg was a game changer.
Three groups of amniotes
Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia
Synapsida
Gave rise to mammals, 1 temporal fenestra
Saurapsida
Gave rise to reptiles, birds and dinosaurs, 0 or 2 temporal fenestra
Pelycosaurs
Earliest lineage of synapsid
Therapsids
Evolved from the pelycosaurs, gained zygomatic arch and the sagital crest is less sprawling
Cynodonts
Came from therapsids, lumbar ribs reduced, formation of a secondary palate.
Unique mammalian features (Diagnostic)
Mammary glands/Lactation, Hair, Arrector Pili Muscle, Sebaceous Glands, Heterodont Dentition, Enucleated Red Blood Cells, Mammalian Diaphragm, Single Lower Jaw Bone.
Mammalian Features (All)
Endothermy, Mammary glands/lactation, Hair, Arrector pili muscle, various skin glands, adipose tissue (fat), Heterodont dentition, Highly efficient circulatory system, Enucleated red blood cell, simplified skeleton, single lower jaw bone, three ear ossicles.
