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Horticulture > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Horticulture?

A

the cultivating, art, business, technology, science of plants

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2
Q

What does cultivating mean?

A

the care for and manage of plants

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3
Q

What are Agronomic plants?

A

crops that occupy large acres

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4
Q

What are Specialty plants?

A

crops that occupy small acres

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5
Q

Why are plants cultivated?

A

food, timber production, biofuel, medicine, seed production, propagation (make/produce more), fiber (clothing), forage, mental health, ecology, green infrastructure, ornamental crops

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6
Q

What parts of a plant are for growth?

A

roots, stems, leaves

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7
Q

What parts of a plant are for reproduction?

A

flowers, fruit, seeds

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8
Q

What are the two types of roots?

A

fibrous and taproot

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9
Q

What’s the difference between roots and stems?

A

stems have nodes; roots do not

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10
Q

What is a cortex? (roots)

A

ring of cells inside root that store starch

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11
Q

What is an endodermis? (roots)

A

tight band of cells that are surrounded by the Casparian strip

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12
Q

What is a Casparian strip? (roots)

A

waterproof ring that forces uptake through cells

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13
Q

What is a pericycle? (roots)

A

internal cells involved in root growth

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14
Q

What is elongation? (roots)

A

new cells increase in length

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15
Q

What is maturation? (roots)

A

cells become specialized (specific job/function)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of roots?

A

nutrient and water uptake, provide anchorage, act as storage

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17
Q

What are some examples of roots?

A

carrots, sweet potato, beets

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18
Q

What are meristems? (stems)

A

tissue in plants where growth takes place

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19
Q

What are nodes? (stems)

A

area on plant where new stem or leaf can arise

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20
Q

What’s primary growth? (stems)

A

extends length of plant above ground and below ground via apical meristems

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21
Q

What is secondary growth? (stems)

A

extends the diameter/girth of the plant

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22
Q

What is the vascular cambium? (stems)

A

meristem that produces xylem inside it and phloem outside of it

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23
Q

What are the vascular tissues and what are their functions? (stems)

A

xylem: transports water and nutrients from the roots to the shoots (1 direction; dead cells)

phloem: transports water and sugars from the leaves to the roots or vice versa (2 directions; alive cells)

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24
Q

What is the purpose of stems?

A

nutrient and water transport, plant support, act as storage

25
Q

What are some examples of stems?

A

broccoli, ginger, Irish potato, strawberry, lumber

26
Q

What is a petiole? (leaves)

A

stalk between the stem and blade; located at the nodes

27
Q

What is a blade? (leaves)

A

main photosynthetic region of the leaf

28
Q

What is the difference between chloroplasts and chlorophyll? (leaves)

A

chloroplasts contain the chlorophyll; chlorophyll is the green pigment that provides energy for photosynthesis

29
Q

What is the purpose of leaves?

A

photosynthesis, storage, gas exchange through the stomata

30
Q

What are the 4 floral parts from bottom to top? (flowers)

A

sepals, petals, stamen, pistil

31
Q

What are examples of leaves?

A

cabbage, celery, onion, lettuce

32
Q

What are the functions of sepals? (flowers)

A

protection when in bud and flower support

33
Q

What is the function of petals? (flowers)

A

attract pollinators

34
Q

What is pollination? (flowers)

A

transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

35
Q

What is fertilization?

A

uniting the sperm from pollen with the ovules in the ovary to form a zygote into an embryo

36
Q

What is the stamen? (flowers)

A

male part of the plant that produces pollen (sperm); include anther and filament

37
Q

What is the pistil? (flowers)

A

female part of the plant that houses the ovules (eggs); include the stigma, style, ovary, ovule; where seeds and fruit come from

38
Q

What are bracts? (flowers)

A

modified leaves that can be large, colorful, and showy Ex: poinsettias

39
Q

What is the purpose of flowers?

A

attract pollinators, produce fruit and seed

40
Q

What are some examples of flowers?

A

artichoke, daffodil, saffron

41
Q

What is the purpose of fruit?

A

aid in seed dispersal

42
Q

What are seeds?

A

contain an embryo; store food (starches, oils, proteins)

43
Q

What are the parts of a seed?

A

seed coat: protective outer coat of the seed

radicle: root that 1st emerges during germination

cotyledon: embryonic leaf that contains stored food that is the 1st leaves to emerge from a plant

44
Q

What are traits?

A

distinguishing characteristic of an organism that is genetically determined

45
Q

What are the 2 types of traits?

A

Qualitative: determined by one/a few genes that give a physical characteristic Ex: color and height

Quantitative: determined by many genes that give measurable characteristics Ex: oil content, yield, sugar

46
Q

Why are traits important in cultivating plants?

A

allow you to develop a niche (specialized and profitable) in the industry

47
Q

What are the major classes of plants?

A

monocots and dicots

48
Q

What are the characteristics of monocots?

A

Embryo with single cotyledon
Leaf veins are parallel
Stem vascular bundles scattered
Flower parts in multiples of 3
No secondary growth

49
Q

What are the characteristics of dicots?

A

Embryo with 2 cotyledons
Leaf veins reticulate (human veins)
Stem vascular bundles in a ring
Flower parts in multiples of 4/5
Secondary growth possible

50
Q

What is the annual life cycle?

A

plant that grows, flowers, and sets seed in 1 season Ex: wheat, corn

51
Q

What is the biennial life cycle?

A

plant that grows 1 season, flowers, and sets in the next season Ex: carrots

52
Q

What is the perennial life cycle?

A

plants that repeat their lifecycles indefinitely by circumventing the death stage Ex: grass

53
Q

What are the pros and cons of annuals and perennials?

A

Annuals
Pros: crop rotation
Cons: sow seeds every year

Perennials
Pros: plants return every year
Cons: difficult to rotate plants

54
Q

Who invented the binomial nomenclature?

A

Carl von Linne (Linnaeus)

55
Q

What is the system of classification in order?

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, (Cultivar)

56
Q

How do you write a plant’s name?

A

Genus epithet
Genus is capitalized, epithet is lowercased
Italicized

57
Q

How do you write a plant’s common name?

A

No italics
No capitalization unless proper name is used
Ex: English pea, garden pea

58
Q

What is a cultivar and how do you write it?

A

named variations of a species (such as breeds of dogs), usually the result of manmade efforts to make or perpetuate it

1st letter in all caps like a book title
No italics
No apostrophes
Ex: ‘Heart of Gold’

Horticulture (4 decks)

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