Exam 1 Flashcards
Six most important chemical elements
CHNOPS
Big 4 molecules of life
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
Starch
- chains of sugar molecules
- plants store energy this way
Glycogen
- tons of glucose molecules connected
- humans store energy this way
Cellulose
- sugar found in the cell wall of plants
Saturated fats
completely full of H atoms
Unsaturated fats
2 H atoms going opposite ways
Cholesterol
- hydrophobic
- used to produce important hormones
Ribosome
- site of translation (protein synthesis)
- link amino acids together in the order specified by mRNA
Mitochondrion
- respiration and energy production occur here
- double membrane w inner layer folded to make layers
Nucleus
contains genetic material within membrane
Golgi apparatus
packages products made in the cell into vesicles for release or storage
lysosome
contains degradative enzymes used to break down material or apoptosis
Do all neurons contain myelin?
No
Do inhibitory synapses have dendritic spines?
No
3 ways to classify neurons
- shape and polarity
- the neurotransmitters or chemicals they contain or release
- location or where they project to
Responsible for supporting the neurons and surrounding brain tissue
Glial cells
Cell that makes up 50% of the cells in the nervous system
Glial cells
T or F. Glial cells cannot generate or transmit nerve signals
True
5 types of non-neuronal cells in the brain
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal Cells
- Stem Cells
Star-shaped cell that provides glucose and removes waste from neurons while regulating chemical environment
Astrocytes
What makes up the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
Purpose of myelin sheaths
to allow rapid communication between cells
Myelination
Oligodendrocytes wrap extensions of their cell membranes around section of the exon
Sense chemical changes in blood and remove pathogens and debris from the brain
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
- line ventricles of the CNS
- secrete cerebrospinal fluid, detect chemical signals
Stem cells
- make new neurons and glia
- immortal or long-lasting self-renewal
T or F. Stem cells can make microglia
FALSE
Ionotropic Receptor
- located on the ion channel protein
- fast acting
Metabotropic Receptor
- NOT located on ion channel
- can activate nearby channels & second messengers
- slower acting