Exam 1 Flashcards
__: increased curving of spine outward/backward in sagittal plane
kyphosis
__: increased curving of spine inward/forward in sagittal plane
lordosis
__: lateral curving of spine
scoliosis
__: folding of knees inward
valgus
__: outward angulation of distal segment of bone/joint. bowlegs
varus
sagittal plane movement:
running
frontal plane movement:
guarding
transverse plane movement:
rotation, throw/catch
resistance arms are __
bones
an axes in a lever is the __
joint
muscles contract to apply __
force
__ class lever: load, fulcrum, effort
1st
___ class lever: fulcrum, load, effort
2nd
__ class lever: fulcrum, effort, load
3rd
least common lever class in the body
2nd
most common lever class in the body
3rd
best class lever for lifting things
2nd
least advantageous lever class
3rd
mechanical advantage = (length _____ arm) / (length ____arm)
force, resistance
high mechanical advantage = more __
power
does a low mechanical advantage directly mean a disadvantage
no
long arms mean the hand will travel at a greater __
velocity
__ class levers produce balanced movements
1st
in __ class levers, MA = 1
1st
when MA = 1, __ = ___
force = resistance
when MA < 1, this produces/ multiplies __ and __/___. this is when the axis is close to ___
speed, range of motion/ distance. force
MA < 1 = an increase in ___
velocity
MA > 1, produce/multiplies __ motion when axis is __ to resistance
force, close
joint example of 2nd class lever
ankle
2nd class lever is always MA _ 1
>
in 3rd class levers, speed is __ than power
>
3rd class levers require __ force to move small resistance
high
in 3rd class levers, MA ___ 1
<
when MA < 1, this is a mechanical ___
disadvantage
in __ class levers, you can modify the distance of resistance from the fulcrum
3rd
high distance = high ___
resistance
__ may be modified by changing either force or moment arm
Torque
1st class: MA __ 1 and ___ velocity
> , high
2nd class: MA __ 1 and __ velocity and __ effort
> , low, low
3rd class: __ resistance and __ velocity
low, high
the length of the moment can change based on __ pattern
movement
the moment arm is always __ to the ground
parallel
low moment arm length = __ force needed
low
longer moment are = __ leverage
more
does anatomy play a role in kinesiology
yes
