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Research Methods > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

illusory correlation

A

perceiving a relationship between 2 events that occur simultaneously when there isn’t one

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2
Q

How do we fool ourselves?

A

wanting to understand causation, traumas staying in our memory, false recollection of memories

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3
Q

research methods

A

constructs groups for the independent variable so causal relations can be found

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4
Q

Components of a written message

A

connect (ideas), style -appearance- (APA), and format -tone- (APA)

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5
Q

behaviors

A

responses based on different events and situations

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6
Q

characteristics

A

a feature of the quality of a subject => gender, ethnicity, height, level of introversion, etc.

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7
Q

variable

A

a general characteristic we measure

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8
Q

descriptive statistics

A

describe people in the real world

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9
Q

inferential statistics and p-value

A

drawing conclusions about everyone in the world; p-value is the probability of obtaining results if theres no difference between groups

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10
Q

correlations

A

tells us if there is a relationship between the variables

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11
Q

psychology

A

the study of all aspects of human and non human behavior and application of scientific methods to understand the behavior

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12
Q

intuition

A

logically explaining what we see => not reliable

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13
Q

authority

A

based on our prior knowledge

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14
Q

scientific approach components

A

empiricism, testafaiable, falsifiable, open exchange of ideas, and peer review

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15
Q

gamblers fallacy

A

after a series of losses, thinking the possibility of winning is higher => we give too much weight to confirmator information and cling to ur beliefs

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16
Q

idea

A

an assertion about the world that can be tested and measured (objective reality)

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17
Q

belief

A

personal decision about the truthfulness of an idea

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18
Q

argument

A

the evidence and logic used to support truth or falseness

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19
Q

life cycle of knowledge

A

present at a scientific conference, prepare a manuscript for publication, peer review and revision, replication;verification, references in other journal articles, references in books

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20
Q

goals of scientific study:

A

describe behavior, predict behavior, determine the causes of behavior

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21
Q

components of determining causes of behavior:

A

temporal (change in one before the other), covariation of cause and effect (noticeable correlation), and elimination of plausible alternative explanations (no 3rd variables)

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22
Q

correlational research does _____

A

describes behavior and predicts it

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23
Q

experimental research does _____

A

determine cause and effect and explains behavior

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24
Q

basic research

A

gathers knowledge for the sake of collecting information

25
Q

applied research

A

for when practical applications are wanting to be met

26
Q

sources of research ideas

A

common sense, observing behavior, past research, practical problems, theory

27
Q

hypothesis

A

assertion about what is true in a particular situation

28
Q

Barnum effect

A

people will start with a general statement and refine it based on your feedback

29
Q

primary articles

A

first report of an experiment (what we want to use)

30
Q

secondary articles

A

review or summary of the existing literature

31
Q

Main parts of an essay

A

title page, intro, method, results, discussion, references

32
Q

Belmont report

A

ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects in research: beneficence, autonomy, and justice

33
Q

APA ethics code

A

beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justics, respect for rights and dignity

34
Q

institutional review board

A

committee that oversees research conducted at an institution

35
Q

debriefing

A

the subject must be informed after the experiment after deception is used

36
Q

situational variable

A

describes the situation or an environment where is performed

37
Q

response variable

A

the responses or behaviors of the individual

38
Q

participant/subject variable

A

characteristics of the individual

39
Q

operational definition

A

defining a variable in terms of the operations or technology a researcher uses to measure or manipulate it

40
Q

internal validity

A

extent to which we can conclude there is a causal relationship

41
Q

external validity

A

how much we can generalize our results to the rest of the population

42
Q

Construct validity

A

extent to which our operational definition of a variable really measures that variable

43
Q

Statistical Validity

A

extent to which our statistical conclusions are giving us the right answer

44
Q

nonexperimental research (correlational method)

A

research where we observe or measure variables of interest;
Behavior is observed as it naturally occurs

45
Q

experimental research

A

involves direct manipulation and control of variables;
Measure the effect manipulation has on behavior

46
Q

confounding variable

A

3rd variable influencing the two variables being measured

47
Q

independent group design/between subject design

A

comparing 2 groups that are treated differently ⇒ look at effects on behavior

48
Q

repeated measures design/within subjects design

A

comparing one group to itself before and after a treatment/in different conditions

49
Q

mortality

A

how many people drop out of the study

50
Q

solomon four group design

A

assesses the effects of taking a pretest; if thre is no impact from the pretest the posttest scores will be the same

51
Q

confound

A

factor that vary systematically with the IV and provide alternate explanations

52
Q

practice effect

A

when performance gets better over time not due to the IV

53
Q

fatigue effect

A

if performance worsens not due to the IV

54
Q

order effect/interference effect

A

behavior in one condition affecting the subsequent behavior

55
Q

counterbalancing

A

varying the order of presentation

56
Q

complete counterbalancing

A

all possible orders are presented

57
Q

incomplete counterbalancing

A

not all orders are presented

58
Q

latin square design

A

each condition at each ordinal position precedes/follows every other condition

59
Q
A

Research Methods (3 decks)

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