Exam 1 Flashcards
What is a drug?
Drugs can be vitamins, pain relievers, supplements, medications to treat diseases
Drugs are a broad category of chemically altering body systems
Drugs can be vitamins, pain relievers, or supplements, medications
What is the nurses role for drug administration
Assessment
Selecting appropriate pharmacotherapy
Reassessment
Revising plan if needed
Are nurses allowed to deliver half of a perscribed dose?
Absolutely not
Nurses cannot change orders, we are not the prescribers
How often should you be assessing a pt’s pain level if they’re less than 24 hours post-op?
Every 15 minutes x 2
Every 30 minutes x 2
Every hour x 4
Every two hours
Whats the name of the automated computerized medication systems?
Pyxis/Omnicell
Based on the Drug regulation standards chart;
What medications fall within the highest abuse potential (class 1) catagory
Are there therapuetic uses of these medications?
Heroin, LSD, Marjuana
No current accepted theraputic use
Based on the Drug regulation standards chart;
What medications fall within the high abuse potential (class 2) catagory
Are there therapuetic uses of these medications?
Potent opioids (Fentanyl, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone)
There are theraputic uses for these meds, but they’re severly restricted
Based on the Drug regulation standards chart;
What medications fall within the Moderate abuse potential (class 3) catagory
Are there therapuetic uses of these medications?
Codeine
(When lower doses are mixed with ASA and Acetaminophen)
There are theraputic uses; less stringent that with control 2
Based on the Drug Regulation Standards Chart;
What medications fall within the low abuse potential (class 4) catagory
Bensodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, midazolam, temazepam) Tramadol, zolpidem
Based of the Drug Regulation Standards Chart
What medications call into the 5th drug schedule; Class 5.
(Lowest abuse potential)
Cough medicine w/ codeine, anti-diarrheals that contain trace amounts of opioids.
What can you discard into a red trash container
Sharps
What can you discard into a blue trash container
Liquid medications; Syringes that still contain medications
What can you place into a small black trash container for disposal
Hazardous medications left in a syringe/ ampoule, Coumadin/nicotine packageing, any tablet medications
What can you place into a large 8 gallon trash bag for disposal?
What should you do with things that might leak? Waht about syrnges?
Coumadin/Nicotine packaging, Full/partial IV bags, bottles, and vials
Put anything that might leak into a clear ziplock bag. No syringes!
What liquids can we pour down the drain?
How can we remember it?
Dextrose, Glucose, Lacted ringer, Normal Saline, Potassium, Electrolytes
“If it’s plain it goes down the drain!”
What can we dispose of in the green CsRx container?
What can we not dispose of in these?
IV solutions, Syringe solutions, contents of vials and ampoules, patches, pills, tablet, and capsules
Cannot put syringes, vials, ampoules, and non controlled substances
What is the purpose of a Black box warning?
How can you remember it?
Alerts of life threatening risks
Black signifies possible death
What is a High alert medication?
Who designates what becomes a high alert med?
A medication that has a heightened risk of cauing harm when used in error
Designated b the ISMP
Are dietary and herbal supplements considered drugs? Who’s responsible for thier management?
What should supplements should we typically look out for?
Yes!! DSHEA is responsible for evaluating the safety and labeling of these products
Gingko, green tea, chamomile
What vitamins are fat soluable?
Are Fat soluable vitamins stored? Where?
Do we need constant replenishment of them?
Why do we need to be careful about our intake amount?
A, D, E, K, are fat soluable
Typically stored in the Liver/ adipose tissues
Due to storage; More consumed = higher risk of toxicity
How can Lactose intolerance in the elderly cause issues?
Dairy is typically reenforced with vitamin D. Less milk d/t lactose = less vit D = Less calcium = osteoporosis= bone fracture
What vitamins are water soluable?
Are water soluable vitasmins stored? Where?
What kind of enviorment do they need to be in to be properly absorped?
Vitamins C, B1, B9, B12
None are stored execpt B12
B12 is stored in the liver
Need to have an acidic enviorment to be absorped
3 functions of Vitamin A
How much of it is stored in the Liver?
- Forms Rhodopsin (visual purple)
- Facilitates normal growth of bones, teeth, tissue strength, and immunity
- Formation and maintence of mucosa (Eyes, nose, throat, mouth)
- 90% is stored in the liver
Symptoms of a Vitamin A deficiency
- Slow vision recovery (night blindness)
- Decreased bone growth
- Dry/scaly skin
- Decreased saliva secretion = Decaying teeth
- Xeropthalmia (Changes of corneal & conjunctiva of eye)
= Dry patch on the eye = inflamation = ^ risk of infection
Sources of preformed vitamin A?
Preformed vitamin A (retinol) - animal sources
Sources of Provitamin A Beta-carotnene
Provitamin A (Beta-carotene) - yellow, orange, deep green fruits and veggies, chicken/beef liver (carrots, etc…)
What are the names of the two types of vitamin D pro hormones? What do they need to be turned into to be useful? What are some good sources to consume either?
D3; Cholecalciferol & D2 Ergocalciferol
Both need to be turned into it’s active form of Calcitriol
D3 = animal courses
D2 = plant sources
What are the functions of vitamin D?
Develop and maintains strong bones and a balanced serum calcium concentration(important d/t calcitriol)
What are the symptoms of a vitamin D deficiency?
Decayed teeth,
Bone growth retardation/ bone malformation
Rickets (softening of bones)
What happens to women’s vitamin D levels as they age?
As women age, they lose estrogen, and therefore it’s harder for them to absorb vitamin D
How long should you sit in the sun to get precursor vitamin D
15 to 30 minutes
What turns dehydro cholesterol into calcidiol in the vitamin D cycle?
What turns it into calcitriol?
The Liver turns it into calcidiol
The kidneys turn it into calcidtriol
What is the main function of vitamin E? What is vitamin E considered in Laymans terms?
- Protects the cells from being destroyed/oxidized by free radicals
- Called an antioxidant
Symptoms of low vitamin E
Hemolytic anemia (blood being broken down)
Peripheral neuropathy
Ataxia (trouble w/ coordination)
Impaired vision and speech
