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PS 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of politics?

A

All the relations, processes and values associated with the practice of a government. (RPV)

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2
Q

What is the definition of political science?

A

The systematic and scientific study of politics.

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3
Q

Relationship between politics and political science?

A

Politics is what political scientists study

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4
Q

What is Max Weber’s definition of the state?

A

A human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory.

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5
Q

According to Max Weber, what is the relationship between the state and politics?

A

A relation of men dominating men, a relation supported by means of legitimate violence.

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6
Q

What are the main tasks of political science?

A

Ethical Recommendation
Empirical Understanding
Prudential Judgement

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7
Q

What is ethical recommendation?

A

How things should be (ideally)

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8
Q

What is Empirical understanding?

A

How things are

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9
Q

What is Prudential judgement?

A

How things can be (realistically)

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10
Q

What are the 7 steps of scientific inquiry?

A
  1. Formulating a research question
  2. Developing a theory
  3. Identifying the variables
  4. Operationalizing the variables
  5. Generating hypotheses
  6. Testing hypothesis with evidence
  7. Reporting results
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11
Q

What is positivism?

A

Knowledge can only be derived from observation.

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12
Q

What is behavioralism?

A

Purpose of scientific inquiry is to discover observable patterns of behavior.

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13
Q

Which are the main 4 subdisciplines of poli-sci?

A
  1. Political theory and philosophy
  2. American Politics
  3. Comparative politics
  4. International politics
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14
Q

Which are true of Plato?

A

Famous work: The Republic
Ideal regime: Aristocracy
Idealistic

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15
Q

Which are true of Aristotle?

A

Famous work: Politics
Ideal regime: Polity
Realistic

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16
Q

What is true of Augustine of Hippo?

A

Famous work: City of God

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17
Q

Which are true of Thomas Aquinas?

A

Famous work: Summa Theologica
Modern constitutionalism

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18
Q

Which are true of Niccolo Machiavelli?

A

Famous works: The Prince, Discourses on Civil Liberty; Civic virtue
Ideal regime: A virtuous republic

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19
Q

Which are true of Thomas Hobbes? hint (THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORISTS)

A

Famous work: The Leviathon (people make up the government)
Ideal regime: Government by a sovereign (monarch of parliament)
Human beings are materialistic and selfish by nature
State of nature: state of war
Social contract: people delegate to a sovereign power the right to maintain social peace.

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20
Q

Which are true of John Locke? Hint they are social contract theorists

A

Famous work: Two Treatises of Government
State of nature: people have natural inalienable rights to life, liberty and property
Social contract: people give gov’t right to protect their individual rights

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21
Q

Which are true of Jean-Jacques Rousseau? hint he’s a social contract theorist

A

Famous work: The Social Contract
Social contract: Government acts on behalf of the people and the general will

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22
Q

Which are true of Edmund Burke?

A

Famous work: Reflections on the Revolution in France
Founder of modern conservatism

23
Q

Which are true of Mary Wollstonecraft?

A

Famous works: A Vindication of the Rights of Man, Vindication of Rights of Women
Feminism and the rights of women

24
Q

Which are true of John Stuart Mill? hint :(

A

Famous works: On Liberty, Considerations on Representative Government
Ideal regime: Representative, constitutional government that maximizes happiness
Utilitarianism: Society’s goal to maximize happiness

25
Q

What is the definition of political ideology?

A

The beliefs and practices that guide political actors in political communities

26
Q

What is the definition of liberal democracy?

A

Constitutional government characterized by popular rule, protection of basic rights, and political and economic competitions.

27
Q

What is classic liberalism?

A

Limited government, not absolute, not arbitrary, protects basic rights

28
Q

What is democracy?

A

Government by the many

29
Q

What are the main features of liberal democracy?

A
  1. Popular government
  2. Rights-respecting government
  3. Constitutional government
  4. Representative government
  5. Responsible government
  6. General welfare government
30
Q

What are the ideals of modern liberals in America?

A
  • Willing to employ gov’t power
  • Gov’t responsible to help disadvantaged groups
  • Fast change
  • Progressive and non-religious
31
Q

What are the ideals of modern conservatives in America?

A
  • Market mechanism serves political, social and economic ends
  • Gov’t guarantees equality of opportunity for disadvantaged individuals
  • Slow change
  • Traditional and religious
32
Q

What is the relationship between nationalism and liberal democracy?

A
  • Liberal democratic ideas sparked movements of national self-determination
  • People of some nation decide own affairs
33
Q

What is the relationship between capitalism and the establishment of liberal democracy?

A
  • Developed together
  • Agree on need for limits on gov’t activity
  • Recognize importance of the middle class
  • At odds when distribution of income favors
34
Q

What works is Karl Marx famous for?

A

The Communist Manifesto and The Capital

35
Q

What is the role of social class in Marxist philosophy?

A

Determines who controls “means of production” (land, capital)

36
Q

What are the core ideas of Marxism

A
  • Class struggle: human socieites divided into classes over “means of production”
  • Dialectical change: societies transition between socio-economic systems
  • Historic materialism
37
Q

What does “means of production” mean?

A

Some classes have control over land, and some have control over capital

38
Q

What were Vladmir Llyich Lenin’s main contributions to communism?

A

Advocated a one party state
the social and intellectual “vanguard” that guides society to communism

39
Q

What were Joseph Stalin’s main contributions to communism?

A

Communism can be confined and developed in one country

40
Q

What were Mao Zedong’s main contributions to communism?

A

Farmers, not just industrial workers are important for Communist change.

41
Q

What is the main Marxist critique of capitalism and democracy?

A

Capitalism allows for class interests to be in constant conflict

42
Q

What is the definition of authoritarianism?

A

a type of political organization, a category of regimes* (which are set of rules)

43
Q

What is the relationship between authoritarianism and ideologies?

A

Government by some!!

44
Q

What is a dictatorship?

A

A type of authoritarian regime
Extreme concentration of power in the hands of one person (dictator) or a very small group of people.
Ex: Nazi Germany

45
Q

What is a totalitarian regime?

A

Extreme case of authoritarian regime
The state controls every aspect of public and private life.
Ex: North Korea

46
Q

What is fascism and what is its relationship with authoritarianism?

A

An example of a dictatorial and totalitarianism regime.

47
Q

What were the main ideas of fascism in Germany in the 1930s and 40s?

A

Strong dictatorial leadership
Total control of private and public life
Glorification of the nation state
Racial superiority and anti-semitism
Imperialism and state-expansion

48
Q

What is Caramani’s party competition model?

A

Parties mediate between the people and the government

49
Q

What is Caramani’s populist model?

A

The government expresses the presumed will of the people

50
Q

What is Caramani’s technocratic model?

A

Interest of the people: identified through rational and scientific methods

51
Q

What are the critiques of the party competition model by supporters of the populist and technocratic models?

A

Not responsible, represents the state and not the people.

52
Q

What are the main ideas/features of social democracy?

A

Ideology “in the middle”
combines elements of liberal democracy and marxism
1. Liberal democratic principles
2. Egalitarianism
3. Government ownership of key industries
4. Promotion of extensive welfare state

53
Q

How is equality understood in social democratic ideology?

A

Welfare state creates economic equality

54
Q

What are the similarities and differences between Social Democracy, Marxism and Liberal Democracy?

A

A compromise between liberal & marxist principles
- limited gov’t
- free market & capitalism
- political equality
- gov’t ownership of industries
- extensive provision of welfare
- economic equality

PS 100 (4 decks)

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