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adult psychopathology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 D’s of psychological disorders?

A

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger

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2
Q

Different/unusual/extreme

A

Deviance

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3
Q

Upset; unpleasant emotional reaction

A

Distress

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4
Q

Impairment; interference (ex. work, relationships)

A

Dysfunction

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5
Q

Suicidal ideation; harmful/hurtful ideation

A

Danger

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6
Q

How have ancient times viewed psychopathology?

A

Evil spirits, witchcraft (treatment: exorcism)

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7
Q

How have greeks & romans viewed psychopathology?

A

Imbalance of bodily humors, ex. melancholia = too much “black bile” (treatment: baths, massage, bloodletting)

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8
Q

How have the middle ages viewed psychopathology?

A

Demonology (treatment: exorcism)

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9
Q

How have the renaissance viewed psychopathology?

A

Problems in mind (treatment: asylums (warehouse); ex. Bethlehem Hospital (Bedlam), Lunatics’ Tower in Vienna)

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10
Q

How have the 19th century viewed psychopathology?

A

Problems in mind (treatment: moral and humane long-term hospitalization)

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11
Q

How have the 20th century viewed psychopathology?

A

Physical causes & psych causes; 2 new perspectives: somatogenic and psychogenic (treatment: inpatient/outpatient therapy + psychotropic medications)

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12
Q

Emphasizes moral guidance and humane and respectful techniques

A

Moral treatment

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13
Q

Psychopathology that has physical/bio causes (ex. decrease of serotonin causes depression, so the treatment is SSRIs)

A

Somatogenic Perspective

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14
Q

Psychopathology that has psych causes (ex. environmental loss causes depression, so the treatment is therapy to challenge negative thinking; think, feel, behave)

A

Psychogenic Perspective

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15
Q

What are the models of psychopathology?

A

Biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and sociocultural

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16
Q

I. Definition
II. Neurons
III. Chemical problems: Abnormal neurotransmitter activity
IV. Structural problems: Brain abnormalities
V. Treatment
– Drug therapy

A

Biological Model

17
Q

I. Freud (1842-1939)
II. Unconscious motivation
III. Childhood experiences
IV. Id, Ego, Superego
V. Treatment
– Interpret unconscious conflicts
– Free association
– Dream analysis

A

Psychodynamic Model

18
Q

Seeking gratification; repository of our sex. and aggressive wishes; PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

19
Q

Seeks to have your needs met, but in accordance; REALITY PRINCIPLE

20
Q

Internalized ideals/values/conscience; parents’ value system

21
Q

I. Definition
II. Mechanisms for explaining psychopathology:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Modeling (Bandura)
III. Treatment
A. Exposure (e.g., systematic desensitization)
B. Increase rewards

A

Behavioral Model

22
Q

US –> UR
US + neutral stim –> UR
CS –> CR

A

Classical Conditioning

23
Q

Positive & negative reinforcement (increased behavior)
Extinction and punishment (decreased behavior)

A

Operant Conditioning

24
Q

I. Definition
II. Key Terms:
A. Assumptions/Attributions
B. Illogical/Irrational thinking
III. Therapy – Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
“Thoughts, behaviors, feelings (triangle)”

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Model

25
Q

I. Key Player: Carl Rogers
II. Positive view of human behavior
III. We’re driven toward self-actualization

Tenants of Therapy:
Empathy, Genuineness, Positive regard –> Strong Therapeutic Relationship

A

Humanistic Model

26
Q

I. Definition
II. Explanation for psychopathology?
A. Family structure and communication
B. Role of culture
C. Role of social networks/support
D. Societal conditions/roles

A

Sociocultural Model

27
Q

Face-to-face interview, often 1st contact with patient
Unstructured or structured

A

Clinical Interviews

28
Q

Open-ended (ex. “Tell me more about yourself”; “what brings you in today”)
Psychodynamic & Humanistic

A

Unstructured Clinical Interview

29
Q

Specific questions, often with response options (ex. “Have you ever had a period of time where you felt high or hyper most of the time?”)
Cognitive, Behavioral, & CBT

A

Structured Clinical Interview

30
Q

Common steps to follow

A

Standardized

31
Q

Consistency of assessment measures. Same score/result over time

A

Reliability

32
Q

Accuracy of assessment measures. Measures what you think it measures

33
Q

Two categories of assessment

A

Clinical Interviews and Clinical Tests

34
Q

Projective Tests, Personality Inventories, Response Inventories, Psychophysiological Tests, Neurological Tests, Intelligence Tests

A

Different Types of Clinical Tests

35
Q
  • Patient “projects” elements of personality onto vague stimuli
  • Ex.:
    • Rorschach
    • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
    • Sentence Completion Test
    • Draw-a-Person Test
A

Projective Tests

36
Q

Self administered tests (ex. MMPI, has 500+ T/F questions)

A

Personality Inventories

37
Q

AKA.. Paper & Pencil Measures, Self-Report Measures

A

Response Inventories

adult psychopathology (3 decks)

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