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MAT 120 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

A general term used to refer to any flexible material that is composed of thin films of polymers or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or anything made from films, fibers, yarns or fabrics.

A

Textiles

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2
Q

Any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio and with suitable characteristics for being processed into a fabric.

A

Fiber

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3
Q

An assemblage of fibers, filaments, or materials twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric.

A

Yarn

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4
Q

A planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, fabrics, or any combination.

A

Fabric

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5
Q

Any process used to convert an unfinished gray good into a completed fabric.

A

Finish

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6
Q

The measure of a textile product’s ability to meet consumers’ need.

A

Serviceability

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7
Q

The appearance or attractiveness of a textile product.

A

Aesthetics

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8
Q

How a product withstands use or the length of time the product is considered suitable for the use for which it was purchased.

A

Durability

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9
Q

Properties of Serviceability

A

Aesthetics, Durability, Comfort, Safety, Appearance Retention, Care, Environment, Cost

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10
Q

Properties of Aesthetics

A

Texture, luster, pattern, color, opacity, Draper, stiffness

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11
Q

Properties of Durability

A

Strength, Abrasion/pilling resistance, snag resistance, appearance retention, wearability

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12
Q

Performance Properties of (Cellulosic) Cotton

A

-most commonly used natural fiber
-medium strength
-poor flexing abrasion resistance
-poor wrinkle resistance
-hydrophilic
-does not irritate skin
-biodegradable
-damaged by UV exposure

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13
Q

Performance Properties of (Cellulosic) Linen

A

-very strong
-high flat abrasion resistance due to high strength
-does not irritate skin
-hydrophilic
-biodegradable
-damaged by sunlight but more resistant than cotton

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14
Q

Performance Properties of (Protein) Wool

A

Aesthetics
-matte luster
-loft and body
-standard for manufactured fibers
Durability
-moderate abrasion resistance
-strength-low tenacity
-elongation-high
-elastic recovery-good
-resilience-excellent
Comfort
-hygroscopic
-moisture regain 13-18%
-insulate-poor conductor of heat
-itchy or prickly
-medium specific gravity
Appearance Retention
-resiliency-excellent
-dimensional stability-good
-elastic recovery-excellent
Care
-dry cleaning recommended unless treated to be washable
-laundered-mild detergents (chlorine bleach will damage)
-hand wash or gentle cycle

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15
Q

Performance Properties of (Protein) Silk

A

Aesthetics
-luster-high
-hand-smooth&silky
-drape-excellent
-scoop-natural rustle sound
-poor covering/insulators
-weighting-treatment to silk causes it to disintegrate
Durability
-strength-high tenacity (weaker when wet)
-elongation-medium
-abrasion resistance-moderate
Comfort
-absorbency-good
-moisture regain - 11%
-hydrophilic&hydroscopic
-low heat conductivity
-touch- smooth, soft, non-irritating
-specific gravity-average
Appearance Retention
-resiliency-moderate
-dimensional stability-excellent
Environment
-resistant to mildew and clothes moths
-carpet beetle will attack
-deteriorates in sunlight
Care
-dry cleanable or launder able
-degradation in storage and use (perspiration, light, carpet beetle)

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16
Q

Physical Structure of Cotton

A

Graded on:
Length-longer fibers= higher grade
Color-whiter=higher
Cleanliness-brown flecks of trash
Fineness-finer is better
Strength-stronger is better

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17
Q

Distinctive Parts of Cotton

A

Cuticle-wax-like film covering primary wall
Secondary Wall-layers of cellulose
Lumen-central canal where nourishment travels
Convolutions- ribbonlike twists that characterize cotton

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18
Q

Chemical Properties of Wool

A

-high degree of polymerization
-hydroxyl groups (-OH)
-70% crystalline & 30% amorphous

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19
Q

Structure and Shape of Linen

A

Surface Contour
-straight with nodes that look like bamboo
Shape (cross section)
-polygonal with rounded edges and small lumen

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20
Q

Physical Structure of Wool

A

Color-off white to brown
-Crimp
Medulla- honeycomb like core that increases the insulating power
Cortex-main part of the fiber
Scales
Felting-fabric made from directly interlocking fiber scales
Felt ability-ability of fibers to mat together

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21
Q

Chemical Composition of Wool

A

Keratin-protein polymer
Carbon,Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur (moths try and get to)

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22
Q

Physical Structure of Silk

A

ONLY NATURAL FILAMENT FIBER
Color-off-white
Cross section-triangular
Size-very fine
Luster-high

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23
Q

Chemical Structure of Silk

A

Fibroin-protein in silk
15 amino acids in polypeptide chains
High strength
Elasticity-amorphous areas between crystalline areas

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24
Q

Cellulosic Seed Fibers

A

Cotton, Kapok, Milkweed, Coir

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25
Q

Bast Fibers

A

Flax, Ramie, Hemp, Jute, and Kenaf

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26
Q

Leaf Fibers

A

Pina, Abaca, Sisal, Seagrass, and Raffia

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27
Q

Fruit Husk

A

Coir-coconuts shells

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28
Q

“King of Fibers”

A

Supima Cotton

29
Q

95% of cotton produced

A

Upland Cotton

30
Q

Other varieties of cotton

A

Pima and Egyptian

31
Q

Kapok

A

Seed Fiber -Silk cotton tree-life jackets

32
Q

Milkweed

A

Seed fiber-hollow-floss seed hair - comforter & personal flotation devices

33
Q

Coir

A

Seed Fiber-outer shell of coconut, indoor&outdoor mats

34
Q

Cellulosic Bast Fibers

A

Flax, Jute, Ramie, Hemp

35
Q

One of the world’s oldest textile fibers

A

Flax (Linen)

36
Q

Ramie

A

Bast fiber-high strength, resistance to mold, upholstery and fashion fabrics

37
Q

Jute

A

Bast fiber-burlap, poor elasticity, stretch, and UV resistance

38
Q

Hemp

A

Bast fiber, versatile

39
Q

Kenaf

A

Bast fiber, from kenaf plant, twine

40
Q

Hibiscus

A

bast fiber, bags, rugs and some apparel blends

41
Q

Nettle

A

Bast fiber, similar to flax

42
Q

Bamboo

A

bast fiber, bamboo stems, limited apparel use

43
Q

Cellulosic Leaf Fibers

A

Pina, Abaca, Sisal & Henequen

44
Q

Abaca

A

Leaf fiber, from the leaf of the banana tree

45
Q

Sisal

A

Leaf fiber, rope and twine

46
Q

Pina

A

Leaf fiber, pineapple leaf

47
Q

Protein Fibers are made up of C,H,O, and what?

A

Nitrogen (N)

48
Q

Wool Protein

A

Keratin

49
Q

Silk Protein

A

Fibroin

50
Q

Hygroscopic

A

absorbs water, does not feel wet, therefore comfortable

51
Q

The “insulative” fiber

A

Wool

52
Q

“Queen of Fibers”

A

Silk

53
Q

What type of sheep is used in the production of wool?

A

Merino Sheep

54
Q

Purified grease used in creams, cosmetics and soaps

A

Lanolin

55
Q

Fleece

A

Sheared or pulled wool

56
Q

Lamb’s wool

A

<7 month old animal

57
Q

Virgin Wool

A

Never been processed

58
Q

Mohair

A

Angora goat

59
Q

Qiviut

A

Underwool of domestic musk ox

60
Q

Angora

A

Angora rabbit

61
Q

Camel Hair

A

Two-humped bactrian camel

62
Q

Cashmere

A

Cashmere goat

63
Q

Llama and Alpaca

A

Camel family

64
Q

Vicuña and Guanaco

A

Rare wild animals

65
Q

Yak

A

Large ox

66
Q

Source of Silk

A

Cocoon of a bombyx mori worm

67
Q

Types of Wild Uncultivated Silk

A

Tussah, Tamar, Dupioni (2 silk worms)

68
Q

Sericulture

A

The production of uncultivated silk

69
Q

The process of bacterial rotting or decomposing the pectin in plant stems in order to remove bast fibers

A

Retting

MAT 120 (4 decks)

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