Final Exam Flashcards
A general term used to refer to any flexible material that is composed of thin films of polymers or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or anything made from films, fibers, yarns or fabrics.
Textiles
Any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio and with suitable characteristics for being processed into a fabric.
Fiber
An assemblage of fibers, filaments, or materials twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric.
Yarn
A planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, fabrics or any combination.
Fabric
Any process used to convert unfinished gray goods into a completed fabric.
Finish
Fibers made from chemical compounds produced in manufacturing facilities. The materials original form is not recognizable as a fiber.
Manufactured Fibers
Are grown or developed in nature in recognizable fiber form.
Natural fibers
The appearance or attractiveness of a textile product.
Aesthetics
How a product withstands use or the length of time the product is considered suitable for the use for which it was purchased.
Durability
A very large molecule made by connecting many small molecules, or monomers together.
Polymer
The measure of a textile product’s ability to meet consumers’ need.
Serviceability
A random or disorganized arrangement of molecular chains within a fiber.
Amorphous
Molecular chains that are parallel to each other in a fiber or in regions within a fiber.
Crystalline
Refers to the alignment of the fiber’s polymers with its longitudinal axis.
Orientation
The fiber’s receptivity to coloration by dyes or its dye affinity.
Dyeability
The ability to occupy space for concealment or protection.
Cover
A 2D or 3D aspect in which fibers or yarns twist or bend back and forth or around their axis.
Crimp
Any natural or manufactured fiber produced in or cut to a short length measured in inches or centimeters.
Staple Fibers
Fibers that are extremely long and the length is measured in miles or kilometers or yarns made of these fibers.
Filament Fibers
Yarn or manufactured fiber size and is defined as weight in grams for 9,000 meters of fiber or yarn.
Denier
The weight in grams per cubic centimeter of an object.
Density
The ability of fibers to cling together, which is especially important in yarn spinning.
Cohesiveness
Is the ability to resist a pulling force
Tensile Strength
Describes the strength of a fiber; the force at which the fiber ruptures or breaks.
Tenacity
The ability of a strained material to recover its original size and shape immediately after removing stress.
Elasticity
The ability to return to original shape after bending, twisting, compressing, or a combination of these deformations.
Resiliency
The ability to spring back to original thickness after being compressed.
Loft
The manner in which a fabric falls or hangs over a 3D form.
Drape
The ability of a fiber to bend repeatedly without breaking.
Flexibility
The percentage of moisture a bone-dry fiber will absorb from the air under standard conditions of temperature and moisture; it is also known as moisture regain.
Absorbency
Fibers with high moisture absorbency or regain.
Hydrophilic
Fibers that have little or no absorbency.
Hydrophobic
The ability of a fiber to transfer moisture along its surface.
Wicking
The characteristics of a fabric that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and ability to sustain combustion.
Flammability
The ability to retain a given size and shape through use and care; also refers to a finish that minimizes fabric shrinkage or growth in use or during care.
Dimensional Stability
The ability of a fiber to withstand everyday rubbing abrasion.
Abrasion Resistance
The way the fiber feels to the sense of the touch.
Hand
The formation of tiny balls of fiber ends and lint on the surface of the fabric.
Pilling
A very large molecule made by connecting small molecules together.
Polymer
The ability of a textile or textile product to protect the body from harm
Safety
Produced as a loose rope of several thousand fibers, crimped or textured, and cut to stable length
Filament Tow
Weight in grams of 1,000 enters if fiber or yarn
Tex
The process of connecting many small molecules (monomers) to produce one very large molecule, called a polymer
Polymerization
The ability of a textile to allow light to pass through it
Translucence
The way light is reflected from the fiber or fabric surface
Luster
The nature of a fabric’s surface as perceived by sight or touch
Texture
Ability of a fiber to be stretched, extended, or lengthened
Elongation
Fibers that have a high affinity or attraction for oil
Oleophilic
Fibers with high moisture absorbency and the ability to remain dry to the touch
Hygroscopic
Ability of a fiber to retain hear or to insulate
Heat (thermal) Retention
Weight in grams per cubic centimeter of an object
Density
Ability of a strained material to recover its original size and shape immediately after removing stress
Elasticity
Usable cotton fibers removed in the ginning process. It also refers to fiber debris that creat pills on fabric or accumulates in dryer lint traps.
Lint
A hollow central canal through which nutrients travel as a cotton fiber develops in the plant.
Lumen
Ribbonlike twists along a cotton fiber.
Convolutions
A fiber-finishing step in which a manufactured fiber is elongated after spinning to alter the molecular arrangement within the fiber, increasing crystallinity and orientation and resulting in a change in specific performance properties
Drawing
The process of bacterial rotting or decomposing the pectin in plant stems in order to remove bast fibers.
Retting
A process that breaks or crushes the outer covering when the stalks are passed between fluted metal rollers.
Scutching
Removing of short or irregular fibers
Hackling
An intermediate stage in the production of staple manufactured fibers when manufactured fibers are produced in large bundles in filament length and crimped prior to cutting or breaking into staple fibers
Filament Tow
Irregular crosswise marking present in many base fibers
Nodes
The protein found in animal fibers
Keratin
Microscopic honeycomb-like care containing air spaces that increase the insulating power of the fiber
Medulla
The production of cultivated silk
Sericulture
Cultivated silkworm
Bombyx Mori
The most common type of wild silk-uncultivated
Tussah Silk
Wild silk-uncultivated-2 silk worms
Duppioni Silk
The water-soluble protective gum that surrounds silk when extruded by a caterpillar
Sericin
The process of twisting silk filaments into a yarn or to the process of twisting and texturing synthetic-fiber-filament yarns
Throwing
The natural rustle made when two layers of silk fabric are rubbed together
Scoop
Silk not processed to remove sericin
Raw Silk
The treatment of silk (an applied finish) with metallic salts to increase the fabric’s, weight, hand, and dye affinity, it may result in accelerated degradation of the silk
Weighting
Weight of silk (mm)
Momme
Any fiber derived by a process of manufacture from chemical compounds where the original form his not recognizable as a fiber
Manufactured Fiber
Who made the first manufactured fiber?
Count Hilaire de Chardonnet
What was the first SYNTHETIC fiber?
Nylon
Natural product (cellulose or protein) or synthetic polymer
Raw Material
Raw material is dissolved in liquid chemicals and made into thick solutions
Spinning Solution/ Dope
Polymer chips that are then heated until form liquid melt
Synthetic Polymers
Small thimble like nozzle through which the solution is extruded to form a fiber
Spinneret
An untwisted rope of thousands of filament fibers
Filament Tow
Stretching the fiber to align the molecular chain increasing the crystallinity
Drawing
Adding crimp to the filament fibers
Texturing
The melt is forced through heated spinneret holes, the fiber cools in contact with the air, solidifies, and is wound on a bobbin. —Fastest and Cheapest Method
Melt Spinning
The polymers are dissolved in solvent liquid form, extruded into warm air, and solidified by evaporation of the solvent.
Dry Spinning
Polymers are extruded through a jet into a liquid bath.
Wet spinning
Fiber in its simplest, unmodified form
Parent Fiber
Changes in the parent manufactured fiber to improve performance relative to a specific end use.
Fiber Modifications
Fibers that are produced in fiber form from naturally occurring polymers
Manufactured Regenerated Fibers
1st regenerated cellulosic fiber
Rayon
Production of Rayon
Wet Spinning
Production of Lyocell
Wet Spinning
A manufactured fiber composed of solvent spun cellulose
Lyocell
