Exam 1 Flashcards
______ in the uterus can create bulk and cause disruption in implantation
fibroids
condition that can cause irregular ovulation and cause fertility problems
PCOS
low ______ can cause infertility in men
testosterone
enlarged vessels in the testicles can cause increased ________, therefore decreasing sperm count
heat
condition that can cause a buildup of scar tissue in the peritoneum and make women less fertile
endometriosis
infertility is described as trying to conceive for ___ year and failing
one
being over ___ years old makes contraception harder
35
males have a decreased sperm count once they are over age ____
50
metabolic disease in men that can cause decreased sperm count
hypertension
ovulation induction includes giving medication that stimulate the production of ____
eggs
process of extracting eggs from female and combining them in a petri dish with sperm
In Virto fertilization
withdrawal method of birth control
coitus interruptus
3 types of birth control that are estrogen and progesterone combined
pill
ring
patch
combined birth control methods suppress ______
ovulation
contraindications for combined birth control methods
- thromboembolic disorders
- cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease
- migraine
- liver disease
- less than 6 weeks postpartum
- smoker longer than 35 years
prolonged immobilization
if you miss ___ or more pills, you need to use another method of birth control
2
serious complications of birth control pills (ACHES)
- abdominal pain
- chest pain/SOB
- headaches
- eye problems
- severe leg pain
2 common side effects of combined birth control methods
nausea and irregular periods
progastrin only pill
“Minipill”
with the progesterone only pill, you must take it within an ____ at the same time everyday
hour
injectable progesterin only birth control
Depo-provera
Depo-provera injections are administered every ___ to ___ hours
11 to 13 hours
implantable progesterin only birth control
nexplanon
Nexplanon lasts __ years
3
most common complaint of progesterin-only BC
irregular periods
progesterin only IUD lasts __ to ___ years
3 to 5 years
emergency contraception works best if used within ___ hours of sexual intercourse
72
emergency contraception delayes _______
ovulation
emergency contraception may not work as well with people who have a BMI over ___
30
OTC emergency contraception
Plan B
prescription emergency contraception
Ella and Paragaurd IUD
abortion performed for reasons of maternal and/or fetal health
therapeutic abortion
medication given to pass miscarriage at home
Mifepristone
medication used for elective abortion
mifespristone
endometrial phase where the endometrium is shed
menstrual phase
endometrium phase where the endometrium rapidly grows
proliferative phase
the proliferative phase depends on ______ that is released from the ovarian follicles
estrogen
endometrial phase where the endometrium hits its max thickness and progesterone peaks
secretory
the hormone that stimulates the development of ovarian graafian follicle and its release of estrogen
FSH
the _______ phase is the phase where the egg is developed and released
follicular
the ______ phase is the phase after ovulation
luteal
after ovulation the corpus luteum forms and produces ______, which thickens the uterine lining to prepare for implantation
progesterone
if the corpus luteum is not fertilized, progesterone levels _____
drop
category __ drugs have not been tested
C
category __ drugs have risks to the fetus, but the benefits may outweigh the risks
D
category ___ drugs have known risks to the fetus and the benefits do not outweigh the risks
X
screening for eating disorders
SCOFF questions
absence of menstruation
amenorrhea
started menses, but 6 month period with no menes after 1st period
secondary amenorrhea
the concept used to describe a woman’s experience of discomfort during the menstrual cycle
cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort (CPPD)
3 aspects of CPPD
dysmenorrhea
PMS
PMDD
pain during or shortly after menstruation
dysmenorrhea
variety of symptoms that occur before menses, but with normal period
PMS (premenstrual syndrome)
advanced PMS that affects a woman’s life drastically
PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder)
infrequent menstruation
oligomenorrhea
scanty menses with normal intervals
hypomenorrhea
Excessive bleeding with menses
menorrhagia
bleeding between menses
metrorrhagia
any form of bleeding that is irregular in amount, duration, or timing that is not related to menses
abnormal uterine bleeding
most common STI
chlamydia
2 STIs that are associated with pelvic inflammatory disease
chlamydia and gonohrea
small breasts
micromastia
large breasts
macromastia
supernumerary nipple grow along the _____ line
milk
lumpiness in breasts with or without pain that is associated with menses
fibrocystic changes
vitamin ___ can help with fibrocystic changes
E
benign neoplasm of the breast
fibroadenoma
Spontaneous milky discharge from the nipple
galactorrhea
galactorrhea is normal in _______
pregnancy
2 things that galactorrhea can result from
pituitary tumor
thyroid disorder
breast infection
mastitis
breast-feeding _____ risk of breast cancer
reduces
low vitamin ___ can put you at risk for breast cancer
D
women over ____ should have regular mammograms
40
scan done that can pick up smaller masses in the breasts and is done for those at risk for breast cancer
MRI
diagnostic test for breast cancer mass
core need biopsy
test done to determine what lymph nodes are affected by the breast cancer
sentinel lymph node biopsy
procedure to remove cancerous tumor and tissue around it
lumpectomy
breast reconstruction that uses muscle from the abdomen
TRAM flap
during the 1st and 2nd trimester growth occurs in the ______ tissue and then in the 3rd trimester it is primarily in the _____ tissue
maternal, fetal
during the first trimester it is recommended to gain only ___ to ___ pounds if you have a normal BMI to begin with
2 to 4
during the second and third trimester it is recommended to gain ____ pounds a week
0.6
a gain of more than 6.6 (3 kg) pounds in a month after the 20th week of gestation is a sign of _______
preeclampsia
pregnant women need to increase their calorie intake by ____ calories a day
300
pregnant women need ___ grams of protein a day
60
women with _____ do not need to increase their protein intake
PKU
pregnant women need ____ mcg of folic acid a day
600
folic acid reduces ____ ______ defects
neural tube
if the pregnant woman has epilepsy and is taking medication for it, they need at least ____ mg of folic acid daily
4
pregnant women need at least ___ mg of iron a day
27
vitamin ___ can help with the absorption of iron
C
tea, coffee, milk and egg yolks decrease the absorption of _____ and should be avoided while you take the supplement
iron
iron is absorbed best on an _____ stomach
empty
healthy fat found in prescription PNV that helps in the development of the fetal brain and retina
DHA
if the pt. has constipation they should increase their _____ intake
fiber
Excessive consumption of nonfood substances such as clay, dirt, ice, laundry detergent, cornstarch, raw rice, flour, baking soda, or chalk
Pica
pica is associated with ______ deficient anemia
iron
hypersalivation in pregnancy
ptyalism
4 causes of ptyalism
- hormonal changes
- nausea
- oral health issues
- anxiety
vomiting during pregnancy that is bad enough to cause nutritional deficiencies, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, and ketonuria
hyperemesis gravidarum
initial medical management for hyperemesis gravidarum
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and doxylamine (Unisom)
medication for hyperemesis gravidarum that accelerates gastric emptying
metoclopramide (reglan)
calorie requirements for diabetes in pregnancy
2000-2500 a day
diabetic pregnant women should increase their caloric intake by ____ calories a day in the 2nd trimester
340
diabetic pregnant women should increase their caloric intake by _____ calories a day during their 3rd trimester
450
GDM patients should eat 3 meals and 3 snacks to avoid ______
hypoglycemia
diabetic pregnant patients should have a bedtime snack that is ____ g of complex carbs with some protein like PB
25
diabetic pregnant patient’s diet should be ____ to ___% carbs
33 to 45
diabetic pregnant patient’s diet should be more ______ carbohydrates than ______ carbohydrates
complex, simple
diabetic pregnant patient’s diet should be ___% protein
25
diabetic pregnant patient’s diet should be ____ to ____ fat
35-40
pregnant women should avoid fish that have high amounts of _____
mercury
pregnant women should limit their mercury to ___ oz. a week
6
you should limit air travel after ___ weeks of pregnancy
36
study of a specific gene
genetics
piece of inheritance from parent to offspring
gene
genetic instructions found in cell
genome
factor 5 Lyden is an autosomal _______ inheritance
dominant
sickle cell and cystic fibrosis are autosomal ________ inheritance
recessive