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Ecology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ribeiroia parasite cause in amphibians?

A

a cyst that eventually leads to extra limbs

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2
Q

How do we know that pesticides weaken the immune system?

A

decreased levels of eosinophils in the blood

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3
Q

What fungus is responsible for the global loss of amphibians?

A

chytrid fungus

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4
Q

Why are amphibians a good target for the ribeiroia parasite?

A

skin is permeable and eggs have no protective shell

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5
Q

What does abiotic mean?

A

of or referring to the physical/nonliving environment

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6
Q

What does adaptation mean?

A

a physiological, morphological, or behavioral trait with an underlying genetic basis that enhances the survival and reproduction of its bearers in their environment

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7
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

the highest level of biological organization, consisting of all living organisms on earth plus the environment they live in

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8
Q

What does biotic mean?

A

refers to the living components of an environment

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9
Q

What is the definition of climate change?

A

directional change in climate over a period of three decades or longer

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10
Q

What is a community?

A

a group of interacting species that occur together at the same place and time

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11
Q

What is a consumer?

A

an organism that obtains its energy by eating other organisms and their remains

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12
Q

What is the definition of ecology?

A

the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments

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13
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

all the organisms in a given area as well as the physical environment in which they live (can include 1+ communities)

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14
Q

What is a trait that cannot evolve by natural selection?

A

a trait that is the result of an individuals life experiences and does not have a genetic basis

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15
Q

Are humans apart of ecology’s subject matter?

A

yes

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16
Q

What is an example of a biotic feature of the environment?

A

the density of consumers

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17
Q

Why are amphibians especially good biological indicators of environmental conditions?

A

they live in both terrestrial and aquatic environments

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18
Q

What sequence represents the correct order of biological levels of organization?

A

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population

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19
Q

What is an example of physically defined community?

A

all the species in a sand dune, a mountain stream, or a desert

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20
Q

What is an example of a biologically defined community?

A

all the species associated with a kelp forest, a freshwater bog, or a coral reef

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21
Q

What is a guild?

A

group of species that use the same resources

22
Q

What is a functional group?

A

species that function in a similar way

23
Q

What is species diversity?

A

combines species richness and species evenness

24
Q

What is species richness?

A

the number of species in a community

25
Q

What is species evenness?

A

relative abundances compares with one another

26
Q

What is used to create a diversity index?

A

species evenness and species richness

27
Q

What is the most commonly used diversity index?

A

the Shannon index

28
Q

What does the Shannon index measure?

A

diversity

29
Q

What does a higher H value mean (Shannon index)?

A

more diverse

30
Q

What are examples of direct interactions between two species?

A

competition, actual fighting, predation, facilitation

31
Q

What is an indirect interaction?

A

the relationship between two species is mediated by a third (or more) species

32
Q

What did Darwin investigate?

A

impact of cats on red clovers… cats eat mice so where there are more cats there are more red clover. the mice eat the honeycombs that pollinate the red clover… cats are destroying predation to the flower

33
Q

What is true about the presence of cougars and white tail deer in Zion National Park?

A

the human disturbances push away cougars but attract the deer

34
Q

How do sea otters regulate kelp forests?

A

they eat the sea urchins that would otherwise consume the kelp forests. (the kelp forests are home to many fish species that would also die without the kelp)

35
Q

What is an interaction web?

A

a concept that describes both the trophic and non trophic interactions among the species in a traditional food web

36
Q

What is a trophic cascade?

A

a change in rate of consumption at one trophic level that results in a series of changes in species abundance or composition at lower trophic levels

37
Q

What is a competitive network?

A

interaction among multiple species in which every species has a negative effect on every other species (no one species takes the fall)

38
Q

What is interaction strength?

A

magnitude of the effect of one species on the abundance of another species

39
Q

What is an ecosystem engineer?

A

a species that creates, modifies, or maintains a physical habitat for themselves and other species

40
Q

What is an example of an ecosystem engineer?

A

beaver

41
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

a species with strong effects because of their role in a community, effect is large in proportion to their biomass/abundance

42
Q

How did the return of the beavers affect the system?

A

increase in wetlands which leads to more biodiversity

43
Q

What is a foundation species?

A

a species that has large effects on their community by virtue of their large size/abundance

44
Q

What is succession?

A

a change in species composition in communities overtime

45
Q

What is an example of succession?

A

coral bleaching

46
Q

What is disturbance?

A

events that injure or kill some individuals and create opportunities for other individuals

47
Q

What is stress?

A

abiotic factors that reduce growth, reproduction, and survival of individuals

48
Q

Is the climax stage an endpoint?

A

not really because species are always changing

49
Q

What is primary succession?

A

colonization of habitats without of life

50
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

reestablishment of a community in which some but not all organisms have been destroyed

51
Q
A

Ecology (4 decks)

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